Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomic—three degrees of freedom Monatomic—three degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.

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The Kinetic Theory of Gases

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Presentation transcript:

Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomic—three degrees of freedom Monatomic—three degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees of freedom

Supercooling video...

Two gases in separate containers have equal volumes, equal numbers of molecules, and the same temperature. However, one gas is monatomic and the other is diatomic. The pressure of the diatomic gas is A. Less than that of the monatomic gas. B. The same of that of the monatomic gas. C. Greater than that of the monatomic gas.

Two gases in separate containers have equal volumes, equal numbers of molecules, and the same internal energy E int. However, one gas is monatomic and the other is diatomic. The pressure of the diatomic gas is A. Less than that of the monatomic gas. B. The same of that of the monatomic gas. C. Greater than that of the monatomic gas.

Malachi 3: Ye have said, It is vain to serve God: and what profit is it that we have kept his ordinance, and that we have walked mournfully before the Lord of hosts? 15 And now we call the proud happy; yea, they that work wickedness are set up; yea, they that tempt God are even delivered.

16 Then they that feared the Lord spake often one to another: and the Lord hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the Lord, and that thought upon his name. 17 And they shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him.

Boltzmann’s distribution law

About how many gas molecules in this room are travelling at 200 m/s? A. Less than 10 B. From 10 to 1,000 C. From 1,000 to 100,000 D. From 100,000 to 10,000,000 E. More than 10,000,000

Escape speed is the speed an object has to go to escape Earth’s gravity. Escape speed for Earth is only 11.2 km/s. A rocket ship to Mars must go at a speed greater than 11.2 km/s to escape from Earth. If a gas molecule has a speed in excess of 11.2 km/s, it will escape totally from Earth. Hydrogen and helium have a mean speed that is a significant fraction of the escape speed. For this reason, there is almost no hydrogen or helium in Earth’s atmosphere.

Suppose we have two jars of gas, one of helium and one of oxygen. If both jars have the same volume, and the two gases are at the same pressure and temperature, which jar contains the greatest number of molecules? A. Jar of helium B. Jar of oxygen C. Both jars contain the same number. Consider both gases to obey the ideal gas law. Also note that the mass of an oxygen atom is greater than the mass of a helium atom.

If you have equal numbers of heavy and light molecules in the gas, the ones that move the fastest are: A. The heavy ones B. The light ones C. They move at the same average speed

Two identical containers hold equal amounts of the same gas at the same temperature. In each case, a piston compresses the gas to half the original volume. In one container the process takes place adiabatically, and in the other container it takes place at constant temperature in contact with a heat reservoir. The piston must do more work in the case of (a) the adiabatic compression. (b) the constant-temperature compression. (c) In both processes the amount of work is the same.