The structures and functions of the cell Cell Theory Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke He looked at a slice of dried cork.

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Presentation transcript:

The structures and functions of the cell

Cell Theory Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke He looked at a slice of dried cork

CELL THEORY 1.Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. 2.All living things are comprised of cells. 3.Cells come from previously existing cells

Cell Diversity Lots of shapes and sizes

CELL TYPES PROKARYOTIC CELL NO NUCLEUS, MOST PRIMITIVE FORM OF LIFE

CELL TYPES EUKARYOTIC CELL DNA ORGANIZED IN A NUCLEUS, MORE COMPLEX THAN PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Typical Cell

Cell Membrane Outer boundary –Both Physical and Chemical Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat) –Outer and inner layers Proteins –Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function

Function of Membrane Proteins 1.Transport (in and out of cell) 2.Receptors 3.Cell adhesion 4.Cell recognition

Cell Membrane

WATER IN THE CELL Animation

CELL MEMBRANE Passive transport Active transport Animation Animation 2

BULK TRANSPORT endocytosis exocytosis Animation

Cytoplasm Is comprised of: 1.Cytosol 2.Organelles

Organelles 1.Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

Two Types of ER 1.Rough ER (rER) 2.Smooth ER (sER) Names based on appearance

ER Rough ER Smooth ER

rER Has particles attached to outside of membrane

sER sER doesn’t have ribosomes attached. sER function – lipid (fat) synthesis Animation

Endoplasmic reticulum Like an interstate highway

Ribosomes These particles attached to rER are ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

Ribosomes Animation

Ribosomes Like an Assembly line

Golgi Apparatus Flattened membranes Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins

Golgi Apparatus Animation

Golgi Apparatus Like a Post office Which Packages And sorts mail

Lysosomes DIGEST SUGARS DIGEST BACTERIA DIGEST CELL PARTS DIGEST CELL Animation

LYSOSOMES

Mitochondria Bean shaped Outer and inner membranes

Mitochondria The mitochondria are the site where most of the cell’s ATP is generated, when organic compounds are broken down to carbon dioxide and water, using oxygen Types Animation

Mitochondria BATTERY

Plant Cell Organelles Plants have three special structures not found in animals: the chloroplast, the cell wall, and the central vacuole.

PLANT CELL ORGANELLES

CHLOROPLAST The site of photosynthesis, the process of converting carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen using sunlight. Most life depends on photosynthesis, directly or indirectly. It uses the green pigment chlorophyll to capture the energy from light Animation

Chloroplast Like a solar panel. Uses sunlight to make Something (electricity)

VACUOLE USED AS A LARGE STORAGE AREA USUALLY FOR WATER IN PLANTS Animation

VACUOLE STORAGE

CELL WALL

SUPPORT

Nucleus Control center of cell Contains DNA in chromosomes Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell

Nucleus

Replication of DNA

NUCLEUS - COMPUTER

Organelles. Putting it all together

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