Treaty Break Down

Concordat of 1610 Signatories: Who are the nations and individuals? Why do they have to represent their side Chief Membourtou, Grand Chief representing the 7 Mi’kmaq Districts Catholic Church under Pope Paul V

Rights: What is guaranteed / promised under the agreement. The council freely grants forever to the Catholic Church the right to build and keep churches on the Mi'kmaq lands, as well as the privilege that its priests may conduct masses and teach in the Mi'kmaq language. Mi'kmaq had the right to accept or reject Catholicism through individual choice. The black robe and the Mi'kmaq figure holding the cross, illustrates the union of the church and the Mi'kmaq Grand Council. Each are equal and sacred in the alliance. Mi'kmaq retain sovereignty and cultural rights within the alliance.

Responsibilities: Who is to do what under the agreement? The church must accommodate the Mi'kmaq language and culture. The grand chief's recognise the Pope's spiritual and political authority in the world, including Mi'kmaq. The grand chief's promise to support Christianity among the Mi'kmaq. The grand chief's pledge to protect those who join in the holy alliance.

Boston Treaty 1725 Signatories: Who are the nations and individuals? Why do they have to represent their side Wesauguaaram (Loran Arexus Francois Xavier) and Meganumoe representing the Natives of Nova Scotia and New England Governments of the Mass Bay New Hampshire and Nova Scotia

Rights: What is guaranteed / promised under the agreement. - Natives will stop attacking British settlers in New England. Prisoners will be returned without any payment. Natives will not form alliances with other groups against the British. British settlers are allowed to return to homes in and around Massachusetts Bay. British Settlers will not interfere with natives fishing in this area. Natives are allowed to use all land not settled for their purposes. Any native in French territory will also follow these rules.

Responsibilities: Who is to do what under the agreement? If there is a disagreement, application must be made to the British for redress before any attempt at personal revenge. Penobscot will assist the British in fighting any native group that fails to comply with the treaty.

Friendship Treaty 1752 Signatories: Who are the nations and individuals? Who do they have to represent their side? Peregrine Thomas Hopson, Gov. of Nova Scotia Major Jean Baptiste Cope, Mi’kmaq Chief, Andrew Hadley Martin, Gabriel Martin and Francis Jeremiah Mi’kmaq representatives.

Rights: What is guaranteed / promised under the agreement Treaty clauses re-afirmed. The British and Mi’kmaq will stop fighting each other. Natives have freedom in terms of hunting and fishing. Any disagreement between the Natives and the British will be dealt with through the Courts.

Responsibilities: Who is to do what under the agreement? Natives who sign this treaty must convince those who refuse to sign or attack them with British assistance. British will supply flour / bread etc. once a year based on population. Every October, the Governor will give tobacco, blankets, gunpowder, shot as a annual present to the Mi’kmaq. Every October, the Natives will pledge alligence to the British. Natives will help anyone shipwrecked by helping them to get to Halifax.

Royal Proclamation 1763 Signatories: Who are the nations and individuals? Why do they have to represent their side British Government representing the 13 Colonies Native leaders in the areas bordering the 13 Colonies

Rights: What is guaranteed / promised under the agreement. Land not settled by the British or assigned to the Hudson’s Bay Company is Native land. British settlers are not allowed in this territory to settle. British settlers cannot buy land from Natives without prior approval of the government. Anyone attempting to flee justice can be arrested in the Native territory and returned for trial.

Responsibilities: Who is to do what under the agreement? British will not allow settlers to move West until a proper land assessment can be made. Any British settler on Native land will be removed by the British government. If the Natives decide to sell land they must sell it to the government who will then sell it to the settlers.

Indian Act 1876 Signatories: Who are the nations and individuals? Why do they have to represent their side The Canadian Government

Rights: What is guaranteed / promised under the agreement Defines what is a “status” Native Males Children from male natives Women who marry a native male Any illegitimate children have to be approved by the Band. Any Native who moves off the Reserve for more than 5 years permanently looses their status unless personally appealed to the S-G. Native women who marry non native women loose status forever. Any annual gift given by the government cannot be seized for indebtedness. Any attempt to buy land from intoxicated natives will be null and void.

Responsibilities: Who is to do what under the agreement? - Minister of the Interior will be the Superintendent – General will be charge of all Native issues. – Indian Agents on the Reserves - Natives are not allowed to do gift giving to each other (potlack) - Natives cannot sell land with out S-G’s permission. - Natives can be arrested for being intoxicated and held without recourse to the law for up to one month.