Causes and Effects

 “Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it hard to: Tell the difference between what is real and not real; Think clearly; Have normal emotional responses; Act normally in social situations.” – National Library of Medicine

 Black Revolution  Discriminations and Racism  Lowest class in the society

 Associated with traumas that the patient had experienced during the early stage of life.

 Social effects  Psychological effects

 Family  School  Social connections

 Cause: unhappy marriage  Divorced  Lost her jobs  Viewed as crazy person  Ruined Jackie’s childhood

 Attended to a White-dominant college  Paranoid, talking to herself and withdrawing  No social connections with roommates and other students  Worsen family relationships

 Gender identity  Institutionalized  Suicide

 Case Western Reserve University Gender Identity Clinic  5 out of 174 patients were black female  4 were diagnosed with Schizophrenia

 Was sexually abused by both parents  Several hospitalizations for acute schizophrenic episodes  Severely suicidal  Unable to distinguish her fantasies from reality

 Imprisoned for 30 days  Experienced many discrimination acts  Fail marriage  “nervous breakdown”  Institutionalized for 35 years

 Powell, Jackie. “First Person Account: Paranoid Schizophrenia – A Daughter’s Story.” Schizophrenia Bulletin 24.1 (1998): Print.  Jackson, Vanessa. “In Our Own Voice: African-American Stories of Oppression, Survival and Recovery in Mental Health Systems.” Atlanta, GA: Vanessa Jackson, National Empowerment Center. Web. 3 Apr  Carter, H. James. “Sociocultural Factors in the Psychiatric Assessment of Black Patients: A Case Study.” Journal of the National Medical Association 75.8 (1983): Print.  Lothstein, L. M. and Howard Roback. “Black Female Transsexuals and Schizophrenia: A Serendipitous Finding?” Archives of Sexual Behavior 13.4 (1984): Print.