Implementation of appropriate prevention measures in different country contexts Dr Christianne Bruschke OIE Scientific and Technical Department Technical Meeting on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Rome, June 2007

2 Strategy from Beginning: To Minimize Threat at Animal Source Early detection and early warningEarly detection and early warning Rapid and transparent notificationRapid and transparent notification Rapid confirmation of suspectsRapid confirmation of suspects Rapid responseRapid response containment, management of poultry movements, increase biosecurity and humane stamping out use of vaccination when available and if appropriate Improvement of governance and legislationImprovement of governance and legislation

3 Some Important Lessons learned Early detection and response has prevented establishment of disease in several countriesEarly detection and response has prevented establishment of disease in several countries Delayed detection and response may lead to endemic diseaseDelayed detection and response may lead to endemic disease strong governance and national chain of command are essential

4 Some Important Lessons learned Competition in resources for animal disease control and pandemic preparednessCompetition in resources for animal disease control and pandemic preparedness Compensation is crucial to encourage transparencyCompensation is crucial to encourage transparency Culling is an expensive control measureCulling is an expensive control measure Vaccination can limit spread but used alone it does not eliminate H5N1Vaccination can limit spread but used alone it does not eliminate H5N1

5 Main constraints to HPAI control Weakness of national veterinary servicesWeakness of national veterinary services Disincentives for reporting diseaseDisincentives for reporting disease Limited ability to control livestock movementsLimited ability to control livestock movements Constraints to implement biosecurity measuresConstraints to implement biosecurity measures Difficulty of implementing stamping out and vaccinationDifficulty of implementing stamping out and vaccination

6 Main constraints to HPAI control Poor laboratory diagnostic capacity and capabilityPoor laboratory diagnostic capacity and capability Continuing threat of transboundary spreadContinuing threat of transboundary spread HPAI infections may have become established in wild water bird populationsHPAI infections may have become established in wild water bird populations Uncertainty of continued donor supportUncertainty of continued donor support Gaps in knowledgeGaps in knowledge

7 Short term actions Prevent introduction and spread of disease in poultry Direct technical assistance to newly infected countriesDirect technical assistance to newly infected countries Develop eradication plan with endemically infected countriesDevelop eradication plan with endemically infected countries Sanitary measures and vaccination when appropriateSanitary measures and vaccination when appropriate Compensation mechanismsCompensation mechanisms Increase communication and awarenessIncrease communication and awareness Support preparation contingency plansSupport preparation contingency plans Support for infected countries unable to mobilise necessary resources

8 Vaccination program: Country situation Should be part of overall contingency plan and contain exit strategy Epidemiological situationEpidemiological situation Poultry production systemsPoultry production systems Logistical factors (vet services, cold chain)Logistical factors (vet services, cold chain) Diagnostic capacityDiagnostic capacity Strategy MonitoringStrategy Monitoring Financial ResourcesFinancial Resources

9 Short and Medium Term Actions Improvements of the Veterinary Services in developing countries in association with public and private partners Improvements in governance and legislation

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