CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, and MIXTURES

SUBSTANCE Matter of definite composition Only one type of particle makes it up Ex. Copper wire Ex. water molecule O H Cu Cu Cu

ELEMENTS Made up of ONE atom In simplest form Each have their own set of properties Boiling point, melting point, density, color Grouped by their properties Periodic Chart has 119 examples In simplest form Cannot be broken down into smaller substances under normal lab conditions Cu

COMPOUNDS Made up of two or more elements Chemically “joined” or combined Elements combine in a DEFINITE RATIO (Not random) O H

COMPOUNDS Each compound has a unique set of properties Physical Properties Boiling point, melting point, density, color Chemical Properties Does it react to light, acid/base, is it flammable? Properties are different than the elements that make them up Ex. Table salt (NaCl – sodium chloride)

MIXTURES Matter of indefinite composition NOT Chemically joined together Does not always have same amounts (ratios) of the different substances that make them up Each substance retains its own identity

TYPES OF MIXTURES Heterogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures Suspension Colloids Homogeneous mixtures Solution

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES Different materials can easily be distinguished Ex. A Pizza

SUSPENSION Made up of particles that are dispersed through out a liquid or gas Particles are so large that they SETTLE Solids are insoluble Ex. OJ, Muddy water, Italian salad dressing

COLLOID Particles are dispersed throughout Particles never settle Particles are small or not heavy enough Ex. Milk, gelatin (Jello), marshmallow, fog Tyndall Effect Light is scattered by particles A means to distinguish between colloid and solution

SOLUTIONS Particles are uniformly spread out Cannot tell there is more than one substance Homogeneous mixtures! Ex. Hawaiian Punch, alloys Solute Substance being dissolved Solvent Substance IN WHICH the solute is dissolved

CONCENTRATION of SOLUTIONS Ratio of amount of solute in a solvent g/mL Concentrated a lot of solute in a certain amount of solvent Dilute A little solute in a certain amount of solvent