The Early Cold War Years
President #33 (Dem) Harry S. Truman Accomplishments: Truman Doctrine. Worked for social welfare and civil rights Quote: “A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities and an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties.”
“Communism holds that the world is so divided into opposing classes that war is inevitable. Democracy holds that free nations can settle differences justly and maintain lasting peace.” – Harry S. Truman, Inaugural Address, Jan. 20,1949
Tension in Germany Occupation zones create disputes East Germany evolves into Communist state (German Democratic Republic)
Distrust and Hostility 1946 Soviets remain in conquered nations Elections manipulated in favor of Communists Dictators elected in: – Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia
“Containment” Policy to stop Soviet expansion
The Iron Curtain Winston Churchill – An invisible line that separates communist Eastern Europe from democratic European nations “An iron curtain has descended across the continent” - Winston Churchill
Truman Doctrine Containment policy in response to: – Communist uprising in Greece – Soviet demand for control over Turkey – $400 million in aid to assist “free people” against “totalitarian” regimes
Europe in Ruins Winter ‘46-47 US feared west democracies would vote communist Sec of State George Marshal devises plan for economic recovery
The Marshal Plan $12 billion in aid over for years Soviet Union refuses participation
Effects Achieved self-sustaining growth by 1950’s Increased US exports, helping US Deepened rift between USSR & West
The Berlin Airlift June 1948, Soviets cut off access to Berlin – Attempt to remove allies US fly supplies into Berlin – 60 atomic bombers stand-by “I’m tired of babysitting the Soviets” - Harry S. Truman
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949 Alliance to defend members
Soviet Response Warsaw Pact, 1955 – Alliance to protect Communist states
p.326 Developments in Asia and the Korean War 1. Who were the opposing leaders of the Chinese Revolution? 2. How did a communist government in China effect U.S. relations with Japan? 3. When did the Korean War begin? When did it end? 4. Why did China become involved in the Korean War? 5. How did the Korean War mark a turning point in the Cold War?
Cold War Vocabulary—Chapter 13 ONLY United Nations Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference satellite nations Iron Curtain containment Truman Doctrine VIP!!! Mary McLeod Bethune Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Warsaw Pact Korean War