FROM BRITAIN TO THE WORLD Industrialization Spreads

Setting The Stage Essential Knowledge from last class You should be able to answer this on your own Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?

Why did Industrial Revolution start in Britain? Industrialization started in Britain due to: Favorable Location Geography Economy Political Stability Natural Resources

Britain and the Industrial Revolution Power-Driven Machinery Mass-Produced Textiles & Other Goods Low Wages to workers World’s first Factories

Industrialization in the US US had same resources as Britain  Rushing rivers  Coal and iron ore  Immigrant labor Somewhat forced into industrialization due to British blockade during War of 1812 British wanted to keep secrets of Industry private Textiles were first area to Industrialize Samuel Slater – emigrated to US from Britain  Built a spinning jenny from memory

Chain of Industrialization Moses Brown – 1 st US Factory  1790 – Pawtucket, RI  Made thread Francis Cabot Lowell – mechanized every phase of cloth manufacturing.  1813 – Waltham, Massachusetts  Earned enough money to open a second factory  Lowell, Massachusetts (early 1820’s)

Later U.S Expansion Northeast US in early 1800’s Railroads  Major cities along their routes  Ways to move goods – became a business in itself Technological Boom after Civil War Reasons for the Boom included:  Natural Resources: Coal, Oil, Iron  New Inventions: Electric Light Bulb & Telephone  Swelling Urban Population – demand for goods

Industrialism Reaches Continental Europe French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars put continental Europe behind  Halted Trade  Interrupted Communication  Caused Inflation in some countries

Belgium Begins Belgium led Europe in adopting British technology Rich deposits of iron, coal, and waterways William Cockerill – came from Britain in 1799  Built Spinning Machinery  Son built huge empire  Machinery, Steam Engines, and railway locomtives

Germany Industrializes Politically divided, Economic isolation, and scattered resources hindered industrialization Pockets of Industrialization developed Built railroads to link industrial cities to coal mines and iron deposits. Created economic strength Allowed Germany to become industrial and military giant

Worldwide Impact Global Inequality  Need for raw materials from non-industrialized nations  Age of Imperialism  Seizing colonies for economic resources Transformation of Society  Daily Life & Life Expectancy Increased  Health, Wealth, & Population grew in all industrialized nations  Middle Class created opportunities for education and democratic participation  Democratic participation fueled social reforms