Dr Maurice Mullard 6 November 2009

 World Bank and UN argument that global is good for the poor  World Bank yardstick of $1 a day to measure poverty – see Debate Ravillon Pogge and Dollar and Kray  HDI measure and per capita GDP see IMF debates on HDI

 Increases in inequalities in OECD since 1990s highest inequalities US UK Gini coefficients– Transatlantic debate Atkinson  Wage dispersions trade competition technology and policy choices  Unemployment benefits and medical cover Obama package  Poverty in the developed economies exclusion low pay threat of outsourcing manual jobs

 Economic histories – UK tariffs protection, the idea of infant industries also the US Model Japan, Germany.  The pressures for free markets  The influence of MNCs voluntary codes OECD and UN only codes

 Understand the nature of elites first and the implications for inequality  Research on corruption – clientele politics  Passivity of welfare states us the poor  Elites benefit from status quo  Good Governance

 80 per cent of people are farmers living on less than 2 dollars per day  EU 80 per cent self sufficient in food  EU and US subsidies to agriculture failure in Africa to invest in agriculture spillover effect of cheap food imports  Restriction on food exports  Higher food prices and the price of oil  Importance of food futures

 OECD Area approx 15 per cent food items have been rising at 35 – 100 per cent – cereals and rice  Poor Countries food around 60 per cent of average incomes  Economics of food are higher food prices good for farmers?  Is there a politics of food

 Both Countries emerge as democracy after military rule  All farmers are small farmers subsistence rather than agro business  Farmers receive subsidies for fertilizers  Lack of infrastructure roads technology  Ethiopia great potential for growing food for export but too poor to develop  Saudi Arabia buying tracts of lands for agriculture  Will this benefit Ethiopia?

 Ethiopia is land of contrast.  Second most populous country in Sub- Saharan Africa with a population of 67 million.  Nigeria is the biggest country 25 per cent of population of Africa live in Nigeria approx 140 million  Both countries have long history, mosaic (mixture) of peoples and diverse cultures. Muslim and Christian Sharia Law

 Agriculture future markets  Bring marginal land into food production  Higher food prices pay farmers more  China and India changing diets  Packaging and waste  Food and shelter as human rights  The Millennium Development Goals  PRSPs

 World population 6 billion  800 million affluent consumers  2.2 billion 2 and 1 dollar a day  1 billion live in 59 countries Collier thesis on Good Governance  Rising prices of raw materials oil iron ore lack of transparency in government contracts