Done by – Nithya Manali Mahindrakar V Tarun kumar Aakriti Singh Pathania Rahul Jadhav

Woodblock printing200 Movable type1040 Printing pressc.c Etchingc Mezzotint1642 Aquatint1772 Lithography1796 Chromolithography1837 Rotary press1843 Hectograph1869 Offset printing1875 Hot metal typesetting1884 Mimeograph1886 Photostat and Rectigraph1907 Screen printing1910 Spirit duplicator1923 Xerography1938 Phototypesetting1949 Inkjet printing1951 Dye-sublimation1957 Dot matrix printing1968 Laser printing1969 Thermal printingc D printing1984 Printer till date

Printers Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers Dot Matrix Chain/Band Thermal Printers Ink Jet Printers Laser Printers

When? 1970 Why? To represent characters, symbols, images Print Head  has cluster of pins (9-24) Dot Matrix Printer

How it works ?  Print head has two technology  Electromagnetic field shoots the print head’  Spring shoots the print head wire Dot matrix  serial dot matrix  line dot matrix [ Hammer Bank ]

Quality dpi (dots per inch) Speed cps (character per inch) cps Application Airport gates railways

Pros  Low cost  Able to use continues paper  Low repair cost Cons  Noise  low resolution graphics  limited quality  limited speed

Inkjet Printers  Invented by Siemens in 1969  Character printer  High resolution (upto 1200 dpi)  Uses liquid Ink

Pros  Less noisy than dot matrix and daisy wheel printers  Finer and smoother details  High Resolution  Color Printing can be done Cons  High maintenance  Slower speed than laser printers  Special coated pages are needed

Laser Printers  Invented in 1975 and in market in 1984 by HP  Similar to photocopiers (Laser is used instead of bright light)  Components used:  Laser beam source  Multi sided Mirror  Photo Conductive drum  Toner

Pros  High speed  Ink Does not smudge  Cost per print is less  Color Printing can be done (CMYK) Cons  Printer is Costly  Better quality paper should be used

Thermal Printer  A printer that uses heat to transfer an impression onto paper.  A thermal printer comprises these key components:  Thermal head: generates heat; prints on paper  Spring: applies pressure to the thermal head, causing it to contact the thermo sensitive paper  Controller boards: for controlling the mechanism

Working Functional principle The printer has a thermal ridge, which contains the thermal print head. This consists of an array of small heaters. In addition a moving coil with a ribbon and a second polyester film with a color guard and a wax color synchronously moving with the paper.

TYPES OF THERMAL PRINTERS Direct thermal The direct thermal printer prints the image by burning dots onto coated paper as it passes over the heated print head. Direct thermal printers do not use ribbons.

Thermal wax transfer This type of printer uses a thermal transfer ribbon that contains wax-based ink. Heat is applied to the ribbon using a thermal print head that melts the ink transferring it to the paper where it is permanent after it cools.

Pros  High resolution, reliability  Flexibility, Easy and Fast  Conservation of Space  Less Noisy Cons  Slow print speed  Expensive special paper  Instable printouts, if coated paper is used  No carbon copies possible

MARKET ANALYSIS  Thermal Printing Market to Grow to $40.9 Billion by 2019  The thermal printing market is forecast to grow from $32.8 billion in 2014 to $40.9 billion in 2019 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3%.

Chain Printer

Operation  different type of chain printer  thin steel band is used instead of a chain Cons  Large  Heavy  Noisy  More Maintaiance  Good image Quality (IBM1403)  Good speed( char per sec) Pros

Band Printer  Different type of chain printer  Thin steel band is used instead of a chain

Pros  Less Expensive  Fast  Make multiple copies Cons  Lower print Quality  Low Graphics

MULTI FUNCTIONAL PRINTERS   Fax  Photocopier  Printer  Scanner

 Takes input for every functionality separately  Wireless network capability  Run a set of instructions from their internal storage, which is comparable to a computer's operating system  Contains memory in local storage, such as a hard drive or flash memory. Characteristics of MFP

Types of MFP 1. All in one  Focus on scan and print  Basically inkjet or laser printer  Image takes about 10 to 25 minutes  Functionality Include smart card readers, direct connection to digital cameras

 Have basic Print, Copy, Scan and Fax functionality only  finishing functionality such as duplexing, stapling and hole- punching  Very rarely used 2. SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) 3. Office MFP  Most fully featured type of MFP  FTP, , SMB and NFS stores, encryption for data transmission can be done  USB and parallel connections

3D PRINTERS History  Invented in 1984 by Chuck Hull  Came into limelight in the year 2009 Working  Design of the desired object to be created only in CAD (Computer Aided Design)  The instructions should be given in length, breath and height  Hard plastic is used to make the object required  Layer by layer printing

Mechanism

Plastic colours available to print the object

Food printing

Frequently printed objects

Super car

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