Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORY 12/e Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –The Civilizations of the South  Incas, Mayans, and Aztecs and Aztecs The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc How the Early North Americans Lived Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –The Civilizations of the North  Complex and Varied Civilizations  Complex and Varied Civilizations

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Iroquois Women (Library of Congress) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –The Civilizations of the North the North  Complex and Varied Civilizations Varied Civilizations  Mobile Societies  Mobile Societies

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Secotan Village, 1585 (Library of Congress) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus –Tribal Cultures  Agricultural Revolution

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Marco Polo leaves for the Far East (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Commerce and Nationalism  A Reawakening of Commerce

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Commerce and Nationalism  A Reawakening of Commerce  Centralized Nation-States

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Commerce and Nationalism  A Reawakening of Commerce  Centralized Nation-States  Prince Henry the Navigator

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Christopher Columbus  Columbus’s First Voyage Christopher Columbus (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Christopher Columbus  Columbus’s First Voyage  Religious Motives for Exploration for Exploration Christopher Columbus (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Christopher Columbus  Columbus’s First Voyage  Religious Motives for Exploration  Ferdinand Magellan

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc European Exploration and Conquest, Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –The Conquistadores  Cortés Conquers the Aztecs the Aztecs

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –The Conquistadores  Cortés Conquers the Aztecs the Aztecs  Brutality and Greed European Exploration and Conquest,

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Spanish America  Ordinances of Discovery Discovery Spanish America

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Spanish America  Ordinances of Discovery Discovery  Catholic Missions Spanish America

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Northern Outposts  St. Augustine St. Augustine – Promontory of Florida, 1565 (LoC)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Northern Outposts  St. Augustine  Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico (CORBIS / Royalty-Free)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –The Empire at High Tide  Spain’s Vast Empire Mexico, California, and Florida, 1600 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –The Empire at High Tide  Spain’s Vast Empire  Rigid Royal Control Control De Soto in North America (Rare Books Division, Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –The Empire at High Tide  Spain’s Vast Empire  Rigid Royal Control Control  A Collision of Cultures Cultures De Soto in North America (Rare Books Division, Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange  Demographic Catastrophe

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange  Demographic Catastrophe  Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange  Demographic Catastrophe  Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination  New Crops and Agricultural Techniques

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange  Demographic Catastrophe  Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination  New Crops and Agricultural Techniques  A Complex Racial Hierarchy

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange  Demographic Catastrophe  Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination  New Crops and Agricultural Techniques  A Complex Racial Hierarchy  Reasons for Intermarriage

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –Biological and Cultural Exchanges  Increasing Levels of Exchange  Demographic Catastrophe  Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination  New Crops and Agricultural Techniques  A Complex Racial Hierarchy  Reasons for Intermarriage  Varied Labor Systems

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –African and America  Ghana and Mali Inset from Map of Africa and Americas (Library of Congress) 1633 Map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –African and America  Ghana and Mali  Benin, Congo, and Songhay 1633 Map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) Inset from Map of Africa and Americas (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –African and America  Ghana and Mali  Benin, Congo, and Songhay  Matrilineal Societies 1633 Map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward –African and America  Ghana and Mali  Benin, Congo, and Songhay  Matrilineal Societies  Growth of the African Slave Trade African Slave Trade 1633 Map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English  John Cabot  John Cabot

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Wasdale Head, Cumbria, England (Royalty-Free / CORBIS) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Commercial Incentive  The Enclosure Movement  The Enclosure Movement

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Commercial Incentive  The Enclosure Movement  The Enclosure Movement  Chartered Companies British East India Ship Roster, London, 1766 (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Commercial Incentive  The Enclosure Movement  The Enclosure Movement  Chartered Companies  Mercantilism British East India Ship Roster, London, 1766 (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Commercial Incentive  The Enclosure Movement  The Enclosure Movement  Chartered Companies  Mercantilism  Richard Hakluyt’s Argument for Colonies British East India Ship Roster, London, 1766 (Library of Congress)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc John Calvin (Portrait Gallery) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Religious Incentive  Doctrine of Predestination

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Queen Elizabeth I (Portrait Gallery) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Religious Incentive  Doctrine of Predestination  The English Reformation

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Religious Incentive  Doctrine of Predestination  The English Reformation  Puritan Separatists

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The Religious Incentive  Doctrine of Predestination  The English Reformation  Puritan Separatists  Puritan Discontent

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The English in Ireland  Subjugation of Ireland

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The English in Ireland  Subjugation of Ireland  The Plantation Model

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The French and the Dutch in America  Coureurs de Bois A French Map of North America, 1656 (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The French and the Dutch in America  Coureurs de Bois  Henry Hudson

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc New Amsterdam preacher (Library of Congress) Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The French and the Dutch in America  Coureurs de Bois  Henry Hudson  New Amsterdam

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The First English Settlements Settlements  The Spanish Armada A Galleon in Flames (The Palma Collection / Getty Images)

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –The First English Settlements  The Spanish Armada  Gilbert’s Expedition to Newfoundland

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –Roanoke  The First Roanoke Colony

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the English The Arrival of the English –Roanoke  The First Roanoke Colony  New Colonial Charters

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures America in the World: America in the World: The Atlantic Context of Early American History 1587 Map of the Americas (Fototeca Storica Nazionale / Getty Images )

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Where Historians Disagree: Where Historians Disagree: Why Do Historians So Often Differ?

Copyright ©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures Where Historians Disagree: Where Historians Disagree: The American Population Before Columbus The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan (Royalty-Free/CORBIS)