CH. 14 SECTION 3 COTTON KINGDOM IN THE SOUTH

OBJECTIVES How did the cotton gin improve cotton production in the South? How did the South become an agricultural economy? In what ways was the South dependent on the North?

COTTON BOOM Textiles mills in the North and in Britain needed more and more cotton to make cloth. The south could not keep up with the demand because removing the seeds from the cotton by hand was a slow (and painful) process. Eli Whitney built a machine to clean cotton— the cotton gin. It had rollers with wire teeth that separated the seeds from the fibers. One worker using a gin could do the work of 50 people cleaning cotton by hand

THE COTTON GIN The cotton gin led to a boom in cotton production. By the 1850s, cotton plantations extended from the East Coast westward to Texas. This area became known as the Cotton Kingdom. As the Cotton Kingdom spread, so did slavery. The invention of the cotton gin required more slaves to keep up with production.

COTTON KINGDOM

WHAT CAUSED SLAVERY TO EXPAND?

Agricultural Society CropGrowing AreaEffects Cotton from South Carolina through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi & Texas promoted the plantation system and slavery Rice coasts of South Carolina and Georgia required expensive irrigation and drainage systems promoted the plantation system Sugar Cane Louisiana and Texas required expensive irrigation and drainage systems promoted the plantation system TobaccoVirginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky Usually grown on small farms

Dependent upon the North - Southern industry remained small. agricultural tools—cotton gins, planters, and plows - However, the South had little industry compared to the North. The South depended on the North and on Europe. loans from northern banks northern furniture, tools, and machines

LIFE IN THE SOUTH CH. 14 SECTION 4 Which groups of white southerners made up southern society? How were free African Americans treated? What laws restricted the freedom of African Americans? How did African Americans resist slavery?