PIA 3090 COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The Main Event  Golden Oldies  Literary Map  The Grand Synthesis

Prologue- World Bank Mission  Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry  Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit  Design Capacity for Service Delivery  Role For Civil Society

A Small Diversion GOVERNANCE IN GUINEA-CONAKRY

PERSONS OF THE WEEK  Osborne and Gabler  John Armstrong

Administrative Culture  Socialization and Bureaucratic Behavior  The Concept of political and Administrative Culture  A mixture of elite and mass culture

Three components of Culture a. Values b. Beliefs c. Emotions

THESIS  Political Culture can predict political behavior  Culture limits the action of citizens and administrators, channels demands and excludes certain possible policy options

The Concept of Political Culture a. People are tied to a unique web of historical experiences b. Assumption: From the general culture one can extract out the salient aspects of that culture that relate to political behavior and administrative traditions

The Concept Continued c. Organizational Culture is a sub- set of broader cultural assumptions d. In looking for evidence of a political or an administrative culture we are looking for a set of representative values for the people of that society

Two Assumptions 1. Many cultures: regional, administrative, ethnic, professional, etc. including hierarchy of values 2. These are effected by historical origin, race, gender, education, region, etc.

The Key Three dimensions of Culture

The Cognitive Dimension- What people know.  a. The set of historical and cultural information to which any native of the society is automatically tuned in  b. All societies have their peculiarities which are part of their political culture

The Evaluative Dimension- Not the is but the what ought to be a. What is good and bad b. U.S.- Military service good, welfare cheaters bad

The Emotive Dimension- The emotional attachment that people have to their political system a. Symbolism and myth, anthems and flags b. Provides the strength of values c. Nationalism- “My country right or wrong”

Socialization 1. Process by which political attitudes are formed and maintained 2. Acquisition of values, beliefs, and knowledge about the political system on both the individual and community level 3. Cultural transmission across generations- the introduction of new generations to the beliefs and values of the old

Socialization- Continued 1.Can be a conscious or an unconscious effort- as to how attitudes towards policy are formed 2.Issue of Cultural Engineering- Ideological and explicit 3.Revolutionary & Developmental Societies- Ideological and explicit

Socialization- Continued  U.S. and Western Europe- mostly indirect (Instrumental and implicit)  Often hidden within a pragmatic, fairly loose value system

The Crux of the Issue Socialization: Mass vs. elite (vs. Organizational) socialization

Levels of Socialization a. Primary- Most important: occurs within the family b. Secondary- Everything else before adulthood, school, peers, national and regional- it is here that cultural engineering occurs c. Tertiary- Professional and Organizational- Begins with University. Issue how specialization of bureaucratic elites is related to socialization and education

The Way Things Are Learned  May be cognitive, evaluative or emotional  Vague Patriotic image- eg. U.S. paternal- President as "super-friend" and father image (shattered by Watergate and post- Watergate- See Woodward Book Shadows)  Societal and community definitions  Personal identification with government

Socialization and Public Service  Discussion:  John Armstrong- The European Administrative Elite

Armstrong’s Thesis Asynchronous Comparison Status, Role Theory and Counter-Roles Socialization and the Diffusion of Development Doctrines The Prefect as Territorial Administrator and role in Development Intervention Back to Reality: Guinea’s Prefect as a Rent-Seeking Predator

Assumption  Political, Administrative Culture and Socialization have a major impact on organizational behavior.

Values and Motivation 1. Theory X vs. Theory Y 2. Maslov’s Hierarchy: Basic needs, social needs and ego needs 3. Application of Theories of Motivation outside the U.S. Case Study (China, Korea, South Africa and Brazil) 4. The Special problem of Fragile and Collapsed states. 5. The Importance of a Motivation Country in a Country Such as Guinea