International Relations Theory A New Introduction

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IR2501 Theories of International Relations

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International Relations Theory A New Introduction Chapter 3 The Liberal International Theory Tradition

Five characteristics of liberal thought: Introduction Five characteristics of liberal thought: Strong faith in human reason Belief in possibility of historical progress & reforming international relations Focus on state-society linkages & the claim of a close connection between domestic institutions & politics/ international politics Claim: Increasing economic interdependence among states reduces occurrence of conflict & war Arguments about the positive effect of processes of institutionalizing international relations

Genealogy Early 20th century – key concepts and arguments: War does not benefit anybody – N. Angell (1913) International anarchy - G.L. Dickinson (1916) First major instances of liberal institutionalism  League of Nations Collective Security Since Second World War D. Mitrany (1943) A Working Peace System Regional integration; multilateral institutions; cooperation under anarchy Theorizing non-material structures thoroughly

Currents of Liberal Thought Interdependence Liberalism R. Keohane and J. Nye (1977) Power and Interdependence Republican Liberalism I. Kant (1795/ 1983) The Perpetual Peace Neoliberal Institutionalism R. Keohane

Kinds of Liberal Theory Underpinned by normative engagement American liberals: Behavioural revolution & claim scientific status for their own perspective In 1980s liberal thinking & game theory R. Axelrod (1984) The Evolution of Cooperation R. Keohane (1984) After Hegemony Rationalist underpinnings A. Moravcsik´s liberal intergovernmentalism (1998) Combination of constructivist meta-theory & liberal substantive theory A. Wendt (1999) Social Theory of International Politics

Main Variants of Theories Democratic Peace Theory Democracies do not fight wars among themselves ( I. Kant - 18th century) F. Fukuyama (1992) : The End of History and the Last Man Transnational Theory Look beyond state-state relations  society-society relations are equally important to world politics K. Kaiser (1969) R. Keohane and J. Nye (1971) J. Rosenau (1980, 1990), K. Deutsch (1957), J. Burton (1972) T. Risse-Kappen (1995)

Main Variants of Theories Theory of Cooperation A. Wendt (1999) Social Theory of International Politics Wendt´s ambition to build a systemic theory  emphasizing social rather than material structures Liberal Intergovernmentalism A. Moravcsik´s (1998) theoretical framework synthesizing theories of domestic preference formation, strategic bargaining & institutional design

Main Intra-Tradition Debates Neoliberal Institutionalism vs. Liberal Democratic Peace Theory & versions of Commercial Liberalism Liberalism/ Adherents of Democratic Peace Theory vs. Idealism Liberal version of Rationalism vs. Constructivism

Research Agenda International institutions & organizations, see F. Kratochwil, J.Ruggie (1986); R.Keohane (1989) Multilateralism, see J.Ruggie (1993) Democratic Peace Theory & democratization processes International cooperation  international regimes Merger between transnationalist perspective with studies of globalization/ studies of economic and political processes of globalization

Conclusion Very rich tradition of thought The liberal vision to establish a new academic discipline = International Relation Three major strands Some liberals = strongly state-centric Liberalism has its ups and downs