ENERGY AND HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE. Energy – the ability to do work.

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Presentation transcript:

ENERGY AND HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Energy – the ability to do work

Potential vs. Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Energy of motion Stored energy, energy when at rest Potential Energy

Dynamic Equilibrium Equilibrium – Dynamic Equilibrium - Things balancing out Region loses and /or gains equal amounts of energy

How does heat energy travel? The energy that heats the Earth comes from the Sun and is called Incoming Solar Radiation The higher the sun angle, the _________ the temperatures insolation higher

Transfer of Energy Heat moves from ________ (hot) to ______ (cold) source sink

Transfer of Energy – how heat moves - electromagnetic energy that can travel through anything Convection – Conduction - Radiation Energy transfer by direct contact, solids, liquids, gases caused by differences in densities and temperatures; gases and liquids

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What happens to Sun’s energy (radiation from Sun)? A.Reflected by Earth’s Surface B.Reflected by Clouds and Air

What happens to Sun’s energy? C. Absorbed by 1. Clouds 2. Earth GOOD ABSORBER = GOOD RADIATOR Materials that absorb quickly also re-radiate quickly

ABSORBER vs. REFLECTORS Best Absorbers – Best Reflectors – Rough, black, dull Smooth, shiny, white

Objects absorb shortwave radiation from the sun

And re-radiate the energy as longwave (infrared) radiation

The sun emits about 7% of UV radiation and 44% of visible that reaches the earth The earth and atmosphere absorb that energy then re-emit entirely as Infrared energy (heat)

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Greenhouse Effect Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) gas and methane and other gases in the atmosphere absorb the longwave (infrared) radiation; HEAT is “trapped” Creates a warmer atmosphere

Why is it warmer on a cloudy night than on a clear night? Clouds absorb IR energy radiated by the Earth (trap the heat). On a clear night, the IR energy escapes back into space.

Specific Heat The amount of heat required to raise the _______________ by one degree Celsius ESRT Page _____ temperature 1

_______ has the highest specific heat so it takes the _______ to warm up and the longest to _____ down Water longest cool

Which material heats up the fastest and why? lead Because it has the lowest specific heat

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