Cradle of Civilization MENA is very important historically.

ANCIENT EGYPT

A View of Egypt by Satellite

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must- Haves” Perfume Wigs Mirror

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Thutmose III B. C. E. New Kingdom>>>expa nds empire into Mesopotamia Thutmose III B. C. E. New Kingdom>>>expa nds empire into Mesopotamia Ramses II B. C. E. New Kingdom >>> brings peace after expansion Ramses II B. C. E. New Kingdom >>> brings peace after expansion Tutankhamon B. C. E. New Kingdom >>> died young, found intact Tutankhamon B. C. E. New Kingdom >>> died young, found intact

Preparation for the Afterlife

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

Giza Pyramid Complex

King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask B. C. E.

Treasures From Tut’s Tomb

The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut B. C. E.

Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II B. C. E.

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA

Solving Problems Through Organization  Irrigation ditches: carried river water to their fields and allowed them to produce a surplus of crops.  For defense, they built city walls with mud bricks.  Traded their grain, cloth, and crafted tools with the peoples of the mountains and the desert. In exchange, they received raw materials such as stone, wood, and metal.

The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

Sumerians at Sumer  First groups of people to form a civilization  5 key characteristics set Sumer apart  (1) advanced cities,  (2) specialized workers,  (3) complex institutions,  (4) record keeping, and  (5) improved technology  All later peoples in this region built upon the innovations of Sumerian civilization (Babylonians, Assyrians, Akkiadians…) CIVILIZATION!

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Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

Hammurabi’s Code: 1 st code of law!!!

ANCIENT PERSIA

Two of Persia’s best known culture markers are the Royal Road and also Persepolis

Ancient Persepolis

Persepolis

Persian Archers & Soldiers

PALMYRA  Located in Syria. Dates to 2000 BCE  Cultural city historically used by Greeks, Romans, and Persians.

All of it destroyed by ISIS

Videos about archeological destruction.  ISIS posts videos about destruction:

CBS Sunday Morning video 2 minutes on ISIS and why it destroys the past: the-destruction-of-history/ the-destruction-of-history/ Archaeologists in Syria try to save artifacts from ISIS: 4 minutes unesco-world-heritage-site/ unesco-world-heritage-site/ Why they destroyed Palmyra (actually call it a crossroads in the video and that what is so cool about it is that it has some Assyrian, Greek, Roman, and Persian influence and they talk about how they wanted to “take it from the tourists and from history to erase anything that predates Islam”) 4 minutes historic-ruins-in-palmyra-syria/ historic-ruins-in-palmyra-syria/ 60 Minutes video about ISIS and the Coptic Christians in Egypt. This is the one that shows the priest crying and talking about how they destroy the Bible, etc. It is 13 minutes long.

HBO Vice: Egyptian Tomb Raiders