Organizing and Outlining  Organizing-the process of deciding how to order speech points in a coherent and convincing pattern  Outlining-The physical process of plotting speech points on a page in hierarchical order of importance.

3 Main Parts to Speech/Outline Introduction – Attention Getter/Introduction to Topic – Establish Credibility – Thesis Statement – Preview Statement Body – Main Points-key ideas & major themes (usually 3-4 of them) – Supporting Material-supports & backs up main points Sub-Supporting Points-elaborates on supporting material if necessary Conclusion – Wrap Up – Summarize Main Points – Interesting Closing

Introduction  Attention Getter/Introduction to Topic ○ Stories, Anecdotes, Quotes, Rhetorical Question, Fact, Startling Statistic, Humor, Joke  Establishment of Credibility Be well prepared and confident Tell audience about your personal experience with topic  Thesis single statement-central idea of speech-connects all parts of speech shows what you will try to prove in case of persuasive speech comes at end of introduction most important statement  Preview-tells audience what main points you will discuss

Sample Attention Getters “It’s Saturday morning, and you are helping clean out your grandmother’s attic. After working a while, you stumble upon a trunk, open it, and discover inside hundreds of old postcards. Thinking about getting to the football game on time, you start tossing the cards into the trash can. Congratulations! You have just thrown away a year’s tuition” “In 31 states, a blind man can be licensed to drive. In 5 states, just send in your check and they will send back your renewed license, no questions asked. In 1916 my grandfather got his license for the first time. No exam was required; no exam has been required since. Ever wonder why our highways seem a bit unsafe today”

Thesis Statements EXAMPLES:  Although fad diets produce quick weight loss, they can lead to serious health problems by creating deficiencies in vitamins and minerals and by breaking down muscle tissue as well as fat.  Played on a smaller, enclosed field that resembles a hockey rink with artificial turf, indoor soccer involves faster action, more scoring, and different strategies than outdoor soccer.  Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula has many attractions for vacationers, including a warm climate, excellent food, and extensive Mayan ruins

Sample Preview Statements Illiteracy among athletes must be stopped. In order to fully grasp the significance of this problem, we will look at the root of it, and then move to its effects, and finally, we will look at the solution. In the following presentation, I will discuss what global warming is, its possible causes and the impact it has on the environment. The following speech will examine the economic, social and political implications that will result from legalizing the death penalty in the United States.

Body - Main points, Supporting Points, Sub- supporting points  Main Points-express key ideas and major themes that will fulfill the speech purpose ○ Usually 3-4 main points ○ Main Points are the “main” areas of topic you will focus on-they are general ideas ○ Usually most important elements of topic ○ Support thesis ○ Unity, coherence and balance between main points

Body cont…  Supporting Points-evidence or examples that can lead audience to accept the speech claim or purpose (PROOF) ○ Justify or elaborate on main points ○ Researched material ○ Often listed in order of importance ○ Include testimony, facts, statistics ○ In an outline they appear in subordinate position to main points.

Body cont..  Sub-supporting points Justify or elaborate on supporting points In outline, they appear in subordinate position to supporting points

Example A-Main Point 1-High passing rate of board exam 1-Last year, 89% who took the test passed after their first time. 2-95% passed after taking test the second time around. B-Main Point 2-Experienced Faculty teaching courses 1-Attended good schools 2-Have experience-# of years teaching 3-Worked at top hospitals in the nation C-Main Point 3-Provide hands on experience. 1-This many hours of practice 2-Provide real life situations to practice with 3-Have best tools needed for clinical practice

Conclusion Show audience that speech is ending  A-Summarizing main points  B-Repeating topic and thesis  C-Have an interesting closing-quote, finish story you begin

Transitions Transition/Signposts  Conjunctions, phrases, words  Allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next in speech  Ex. Next, first, we now turn to, finally, similarly 1-Restate-forecast form-Transition restates the point just covered and previews what is next. 2-Previews-Internal previews 3-Internal Summaries-Review of ideas

Outlining Speech  2 types of outlines Working Outline/Preparation Outline  Rough draft outlines-preparation  Used to brainstorm main points and supporting points Speaking Outline/Delivery Outline  Final version-used to practice

Different Ways to Outline Sentence Outlines  Use full sentences-prevents memory lapse  Good for remembering specific details  May distract & limit eye contact when used during speaking Phrase Outlines  Partial construction of sentences.  Phrases written to remind speaker of ideas  Greater eye contact, require more memory, must rehearse Key word Outlines  (single words or brief phrases)-good for speaking, greater eye contact

Format of Outline-Roman numeral outline is most common - using indentation between main and supporting points (coordination and subordination) EXAMPLE II. Body A. Main Point #1 1. Supporting Points a. Sub-supporting points b. Sub-supporting points 2. Supporting Points a. Sub-supporting points B. Main Point #2

Arranging Main Points 1-Topical/Categorical 2-Chronological 3-Spatial/geographical 4-Cause/effect 5-Problem/Solution 6-Narrative 7-Advantage/Disadvantage 8-Circular Pattern of Arragement

1-Topical or Categorical  Stresses natural divisions in a topic  Used when each main point is equally important and can be placed in any order without changing msg.  Gives greatest freedom to organize Examples:  Why certain cities are good to live in  Why we should vote for a particular candidate for president  Different majors available in college

2-Chronological  Used to reflect natural sequential order of main points  Shows main points in progression or in time order  Like a time line Examples:  Historical accounts of events  Lives of historical people  Advances in technology  The way something has developed throughout time

3-Spatial/Geographical  Used when purpose is to describe physical arrangement of a place, scene, object  Usually arranged in order of physical proximity or closeness to each other Examples: Layouts of cities  Parts of machines or equipment  Vacation spots to visit  Giving a tour of a particular place

4-Cause/effect  Used when main points describe a cause and effect relationship  One MP can describe why something happens and another can describe the effects of it Examples:  How certain diseases are contracted and the effects  Pollution-ways we pollute earth and effects of it

5-Problem/Solution  When main points describe a particular problem and offer solution  One MP describes the problem and another proposes a solution Examples:  Illness-describe the problem which is the disease and offer a solution  Pollution-describe the problems with it and offer solutions or ways to prevent

6-Narrative  When speech consist of stories or a series of short stories  These type of speeches use other arrangements as a combination as well

7-Advantage/Disadvantage  Listing Pros and Cons

8-Circular Pattern  one idea leads to another, which leads to another, etc..until they arrive back at thesis