What are the most important energy sources in foods you eat? Carbohydrates and lipids
All cells use chemical energy carried by __________________. Adenosine triphosphate
How is energy released by ATP? A phosphate group is removed releasing chemical energy in the form of heat
Why is the bond from the third phosphate group removed from ATP? The last phosphate group is unstable and easily broken
ATP becomes _______ ADP, adenosine diphosphate
Why is it not a simple process to add a phosphate group to ADP? It requires a large group of proteins
What three types of molecules can produce ATP when they are broken down? Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
What type of molecule is most commonly broken down to produce ATP? carbohydrates
When glucose is broken down, how many molecules may be produced? 36
What type of molecule provides the most energy through ATP? lipids
80% of the energy in your body is stored in ______. fats
Triglycerides break down to _____ molecules. 146
Proteins store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates but are _____ ________ to be broken down. Less likely
Amino acids are needed to make ______ more than they are needed to make energy. proteins
Plants make their own food through a process called _____________. photosynthesis
Hydrothermal vents release compounds called ________ which serve as an energy source for nearby organisms. sulfides
Organisms that live near Challenger deep use a process called __________ to obtain energy. This process is different from photosynthesis in that it uses chemical energy instead of light to drive the reactions. chemosynthesis
Photosynthetic organisms are referred to as ____________. producers
This is the process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy. Photosynthesis
This is a molecule found in chloroplasts that absorb some of the energy in visible light. Chlorophyll
What are the two types of chlorophyll that plants typically have and what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum do they absorb? Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b red and blue
What are the two primary parts of chloroplasts that are needed for photosynthesis? Grana and stroma
These are stacks of coin shaped, membrane enclosed compartments called thylakoids. grana
The membranes of the ________ contain chlorophyll, other light absorbing molecules, and proteins. thylakoids
This is the fluid that surrounds the grana inside a chloroplast. stroma
1. chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun 2. The energy is transferred along the thylakoid 3. Water is broken down. 4. Oxygen is released 5. Energy carried along the thylakoid membrane is transferred to molecules that carry energy, such as ATP.
1. CO 2 is added to build larger molecules. 2. A molecule of simple sugar is formed.
6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2