The Dilemma of ‘Flower’ Miles Diane Holt Queen’s University Belfast Anna Watson University of Surrey

Contribution of Flower Farms in Kenya 10+ Fairtrade 52+ Farms Employs 500,000 Employs 1 million indirectly Assuming ration 1:4 – Supports 4 million Bring $250 million into the economy

The contribution of Flower Farms

The Fairtrade Pyramid 548 producers 650 traders 800,000 families farmers and workers Supports 5 million people source Fairtrade

Environmental/Social/ Economic Trade Offs Development –Fairtrade –Foreign exchange –Trade not Aid –Lack of alternative exports –Suitable climates –Air vs. multiple road miles Food /Flower Miles –Carbon Impact –Road Transport –Local Sourcing and regional development –Production? –Transportation?

 cost / benefit analysis of industry  Review current certification schemes in light of the new imperative on carbon impact.  overlap, uptake and adaptation  Using different certification standards as a ‘ladder’ of progress  Alternatives to reduce the 91% of emissions from air transport  Alternative product options and markets  relationship between the consumers’ ethical values and environmental motivations.