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Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The President and Vice President Section 2:Section 2:The President’s Job Section 3:Section 3:Making Foreign Policy Section 4:Section 4:Presidential Advisers and Executive Agencies Visual Summary

Chapter Intro 1 The Framers did not state specifically in the Constitution what the role of the president should be. The nation’s first president, George Washington, established many traditions that shaped the presidency. Every president since Washington has followed and built upon these traditions, refining the president’s role within the government.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The President and Vice President The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law. The president holds one of the most powerful and important elective offices in the world.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 2: The President’s Job The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law. The president fills many different roles.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 3: Making Foreign Policy Under our federal system, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches share the responsibility of governing the nation. The president and Congress have important roles in making foreign policy.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 4: Presidential Advisers and Executive Agencies The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law. Thousands of employees and advisers help the president.

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Section 1-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law.

Section 1-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary Electoral College elector Academic Vocabulary display outcome

A.A B.B Section 1-Polling Question Do you agree that the Electoral College should elect the president? A.Agree B.Disagree

Section 1 The Office of the President As the head of the executive branch of our federal government, the president holds one of the most powerful and important elective offices in the world.

Section 1 The Office of the President (cont.) The president of the United States leads the executive branch of the United States’ government.

Section 1 The Office of the President (cont.) Qualifications listed in the Constitution –At least 35 years old –Native-born American citizen –Resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years

Section 1 The Office of the President (cont.) Electoral College –Electors cast votes to select the presidentElectors –Number of votes based on number of Congressional seats –Most states use a “winner-take-all” system for winner of popular vote Presidential Succession

Section 1 The Office of the President (cont.) Four-year presidential term; limit of two terms Salary and benefits: –Annual salary of $400,000 –White House and Camp David –Air Force One for travel

Section 1 The Office of the President (cont.) Vice president: –Elected with the president –Becomes president if the president resigns or dies in office

A.A B.B C.C Section 1 Why is the Electoral College used to determine the winner in presidential elections? A.It ensures that states with smaller populations have a say in who is elected. B.It ensures that states with larger populations have a say in who is elected. C.It prevents cheating during an election.

Section 1 Presidential Succession The office of the president has an established order of succession.

Section 1 Presidential Succession (cont.) The Constitution sets up a line of succession in case the president dies or is forced to leave office.

Section 1 Presidential Succession (cont.) Twenty-fifth Amendment: –Vice president takes over as president –Names all the positions in line for the presidency

A.A B.B Section 1 Do you think there should be another presidential election rather than have the vice-president take over as president? A.Yes B.No

Section 1-End

Section 2-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law.

Section 2-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary executive orderexecutive order pardon reprieve amnesty Academic Vocabulary require impact policy

A.A B.B Section 2-Polling Question Do you think that the president should be the official commander of all branches of the armed forces? A.Yes B.No

Section 2 Constitutional Powers The source for the president’s authority is Article II of the Constitution.

Section 2 Constitutional Powers (cont.) The powers of the president are outlined in Article II of the Constitution. Only federal office elected by entire nation

Section 2 Constitutional Powers (cont.) Presidential powers outlined in Constitution: –Veto legislation –Call Congress into special session –Commander in chief of the armed forces –Receive foreign leaders –Make treaties

Section 2 Constitutional Powers (cont.) –Appoint heads of agencies, judges, ambassadors, and other officials –Pardon or reduce federal sentences Consults with and gives information to Congress

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which of the following is the most important presidential power? A.Commanding the armed forces B.Rejecting bills passed by Congress C.Making treaties D.Appointing members of the president’s cabinet

Section 2 Roles of the President The president fills many roles that are important to the functioning of the United States government.

Section 2 Roles of the President (cont.) The president serves several major functions including the chief executive, the head of the armed forces, and legislative leader.

Section 2 Roles of the President (cont.) Chief executive: –Carries out the nation’s laws using cabinet and millions of federal employees –Executive orderExecutive order –Appoints Supreme Court justices and other federal judges

Section 2 Roles of the President (cont.) Grants pardons, reprieves, and amnestypardonsreprievesamnesty Directs foreign policy

Section 2 Roles of the President (cont.) Commander in chief: –Official commander of all branches of the armed forces –Shares power to declare war with Congress

Section 2 Roles of the President (cont.) Legislative leader: –President pushes legislation that furthers the president’s goals

Section 2 Roles of the President (cont.) Other roles: –Head of state –Economic leader –Party leader

A.A B.B Section 2 Do you agree that issuing an executive order conflicts with the legislative powers of Congress? A.Agree B.Disagree

Section 2-End

Section 3-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea Under our federal system, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches share the responsibility of governing the nation.

Section 3-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary foreign policy national securitynational security treaty executive agreementexecutive agreement ambassador trade sanction embargo Academic Vocabulary method target

A.A B.B Section 3-Polling Question Do you think that the United States should have the same policy towards all foreign countries? A.Yes B.No

Section 3 The President and Foreign Policy As commander in chief and chief diplomat, the president leads the nation’s armed forces and directs U.S. foreign policy.

Section 3 The President and Foreign Policy (cont.) The president’s job includes establishing foreign policy, which can involve the use of diplomacy, military power, or both. foreign policy Often centered on national securitynational security Makes Treaties and executive agreements based on economics or mutual defenseTreatiesexecutive agreements

Section 3 The President and Foreign Policy (cont.) Appointing ambassadors as representatives to other countriesambassadors Facilitating or blocking international trade through trade sanctions or embargostrade sanctionsembargos

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 What is the most effective foreign policy tool the president can use? A.Signing a mutual defense treaty with a country B.Appointing an ambassador to a country C.Establishing trade sanctions against a country D.Encouraging democracy in a country

Section 3-End

Section 4-Main Idea Guide to Reading Big Idea The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law.

Section 4-Key Terms Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary cabinet federal bureaucracyfederal bureaucracy independent agencyindependent agency government corporationgovernment corporation political appointeepolitical appointee civil service workercivil service worker civil service systemcivil service system spoils system merit system

Section 4-Key Terms Guide to Reading monitor role Academic Vocabulary

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 4-Polling Question What is the most important function of the executive branch? A.National security at home and abroad B.Social programs for the disadvantaged C.Business development D.Controlling the national budget

Section 4 Organization of the Federal Branch The executive branch is made up of the top advisers and assistants who help the president carry out major duties.

Section 4 Organization of the Federal Branch (cont.) The president appoints many advisers and assistants to help carry out the duties of the executive branch.

Section 4 Organization of the Federal Branch (cont.) Executive office –Headed by White House Chief of Staff –Contains powerful advisers

Section 4 Organization of the Federal Branch (cont.) Office of Management and Budget prepares the federal budget National Security Council helps with military and foreign policy Office of Administration performs administrative tasks Council of Economic Advisers addresses employment, tax policy, inflation, and foreign trade

A.A B.B Section 4 Do you think it is necessary to have so many departments in the executive branch? A.Yes B.No

Section 4 The Cabinet The cabinet is an advisory group chosen by the president to help accomplish the work of the executive branch.

Section 4 The Cabinet (cont.) The president’s main advisers belong to the cabinet, which is made up of the people who head the major areas of the executive branch.cabinet The Executive Office of the President

Section 4 The Cabinet (cont.) Cabinet comprises of the heads of 14 departments: –Meets as president needs –Some presidents rely heavily on Cabinet, others less so The President’s Cabinet

Section 4 The Cabinet (cont.) Increased roles of vice presidents and First Ladies –Recent presidents have given more responsibility to vice presidents –First Ladies often promote specific social issues

A.A B.B Section 4 Do you agree that the president should not be required to act on the advice of his cabinet advisers? A.Agree B.Disagree

Section 4 The Federal Bureaucracy The federal bureaucracy has grown over the years and assumes an important role in making public policy.

Section 4 The Federal Bureaucracy (cont.) The agencies that make up the federal bureaucracy are responsible for the operation of the federal government.federal bureaucracy Implements new laws and decide how they apply to daily life Administers the day-to-day operations of the federal government

Section 4 The Federal Bureaucracy (cont.) Regulates the activities of businesses and individuals Includes hundreds of independent agenciesindependent agencies –Executive agencies work with specialized areas –Government corporationsGovernment corporations –Regulatory boards and commissions

Section 4 The Federal Bureaucracy (cont.) Political appointees Civil service system based on merit systemCivil service systemmerit system

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 4 What is the most important function of the civil service system? A.To eliminate the spoils system B.To ensure qualified government workers C.To hire and promote government workers in a fair way D.To enact the merit system

Section 4-End

VS 1 The Presidency The president is head of the executive branch of the federal government and is our nation’s top political leader. The source for the president’s authority is Article II of the Constitution, which says that “the executive power shall be vested in the president of the United States of America.”

VS 2 Electing the President Presidents are elected through an indirect method called the Electoral College.

VS 3 Responsibilities According to the Constitution, the president’s main job is to carry out the laws passed by Congress. As head of the executive branch of government, the president must make decisions that affect the lives of all Americans.

VS 4 Roles of the President In carrying out the responsibilities of the office, the president must play a number of different roles. These roles are: Chief executive Chief diplomat Commander in chief Legislative leader Head of state Economic leader Party leader

VS 5 Tools of Foreign Policy The president and Congress use many tools to carry out American foreign policy. These tools include: Treaties and executive agreements Appointing ambassadors Foreign aid International trade Military force

VS 6 Organization of the Federal Government President Vice President Executive Office of the President Executive departments Federal bureaucracy

VS-End

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Vocab1 Electoral College a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

Vocab2 elector person appointed to vote in presidential elections for the major candidates

Vocab3 display to put in plain view

Vocab4 outcome the result of an action or event

Vocab5 executive order a rule or command that has the force of law

Vocab6 pardon a declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment

Vocab7 reprieve an order to delay a person’s punishment until a higher court can hear the case

Vocab8 amnesty a pardon to a group of people

Vocab9 require to have a need for or to order

Vocab10 impact to influence or effect

Vocab11 policy a guiding course of action

Vocab12 foreign policy a nation’s overall plan for dealing with other nations

Vocab13 national security the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm

Vocab14 treaty a formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries

Vocab15 executive agreement an agreement between the president and the leader of another country

Vocab16 ambassador an official representative of a country’s government

Vocab17 trade sanction an effort to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers

Vocab18 embargo an agreement among a group of nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nation

Vocab19 method a procedure or process of doing something

Vocab20 target a goal or aim

Vocab21 cabinet a group of advisers to the president that includes the heads of 14 top-level executive departments

Vocab22 federal bureaucracy the collective agencies and employees of the executive branch

Vocab23 independent agency federal board or commission that is not part of any cabinet department

Vocab24 government corporation a business owned and operated by the federal government

Vocab25 political appointee a person appointed to a federal position by the president

Vocab26 civil service worker person hired into a federal position

Vocab27 civil service system the practice of hiring government workers on the basis of open, competitive examinations and merit

Vocab28 spoils system rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support

Vocab29 merit system hiring people into government jobs on the basis of their qualifications

Vocab30 monitor to watch or observe

Vocab31 role the function of a person or thing

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