Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I

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Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I Phonological rules interact with morphology since morphology can modify the environment where a sound occurs by adding more phonological/morphological substance Preglottalization –continuant  [ + CG ] / ___ ] word –voice Tapping Aspiration –continuant  [ + SG] / X ___ +syllabic –voice +stress condition: X ≠ s

Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I

Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I Rhythmic lengthening in Choctaw - First we have to identify morphemes and any possible alternations (allomorphs or allophones)

Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I Ugh! Now more data:

Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I Let’s look at all the forms now and align them sound for sound The pattern here is that in all but the first word, the 2nd syllable is long. And in the last word, the fourth syllable is long (but not in the previous 3). We can say that even-numbered syllables must be long (does not account for 1st word or 5th 6th or 7th word though. So – even syllables are long UNLESS they are the final syllable. Now all data accounted for!

Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I We can call this rule Rhythmic lengthening in Choctaw. Test on more data:

Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I Now show derivations to prove that rule works!

Ch 6 – Phonological Alternation I Neutralization = identical phonetic realization of distinct phonemic forms. Dynamic neutralization (Voicing assimilation rule in Eng) = in the context of the rule the general contrast of voicing in obstruents is suspended, and underlying forms that would violate the principle of voicing disagreement are actively “repaired” by changing the voicing of the rightmost obstruent. (p. 135) Static neutralization (Alveolar place enforcement) = there is no repair because any other sound is simply not allowed or illegal in English phonology. Basically this is a phonotactic constraint Some cases of neutralization are not really neutralization – there is still a maintained distinction somehow = near neutralization Other cases of neutralization in English? Tapping!