Blood Types

What makes one blood type different from another?  Different types of antigens on Red Blood Cells

What are antigens?  Markers on cells that can activate an immune response. This means they activate antibodies to bind to them.  Our body sees the antigens on its own cells as self-antigens and leaves them alone.  Different antigens have different shapes.

What are the types of antigens on Red Blood Cells See the shapes 2 antigens made of sugar  Type A and Type B 1 Antigen made out of protein Rh

This gives us 4 Blood Types What type are you?  A- just the A antigen  B-just the B antigen  AB- has both the A and B antigen  O- no antigens Type O has no sugar antigens

What are Antibodies ?  Have shape to match and bind antigen, like glove fits hand  are in the Plasma of the blood.  Are made of proteins

What antibodies does each person make? The make antibodies to antigens they DON’T have. Antibody shapes fit onto antigens

All ABO blood types can be either Rh+ or Rh- We just call them A+ or B+, AB+, O+ or A-, B- AB- or O-

A,B,O Rh MARKERS ON CELL A – A antigens B- B antigens AB – A & B antigens O – no antigens Made of sugars Rh+= antigen Rh - = no antigen Made of protein Comparison of Blood Type Antigens Used in ID Stimulates an immune response

Comparison of Blood Type Antibodies ABO Rh Proteins Anti-A Anti-B No antibodies to O because there is no O-its nothing Anti Rh+ Bind to Antigens Find antigens on invaders In plasma

Genetics of Blood Type using Punnett Square  Type A = AA or AO  Type B = BB or BO  Type AB = AB  Type O = OO  Remember O is really nothing= No antigen on the RBC When you are type A blood You don’t know if it is AA or AO, Same for type B. Can’t tell if it is BB Or BO. But AB is known and so is O O blood can only be OO. O O A B AOAO BO