Chapter Components of Criminal Justice PoliceCourtsCorrections The Criminal Justice System Components of Criminal Justice Components of Criminal Justice

Chapter Role of the Police pMaintain order pInvestigation and Arrest pProvide emergency service p“GATE KEEPERS” pMaintain order pInvestigation and Arrest pProvide emergency service p“GATE KEEPERS”

Chapter Types of Police Agencies pMunicipal (city cops) pCounty Level (Sheriff) pState Level (State Troopers) pFederal (FBI, Secret Service, DEA) pMunicipal (city cops) pCounty Level (Sheriff) pState Level (State Troopers) pFederal (FBI, Secret Service, DEA)

Chapter Role of the Courts pTo seek truth & obtain justice pTo adjudicate & sentence pConsists of: 4 Misdemeanor, Felony,and appellate courts 4 Prosecutor pTo seek truth & obtain justice pTo adjudicate & sentence pConsists of: 4 Misdemeanor, Felony,and appellate courts 4 Prosecutor

Chapter Prosecution and Defense pOpponents in an adversarial system pProsecutor represents the people pDefense represents the accused v.

Chapter Role of Corrections pProbation pPrisons pHalf-way Houses pPost-Release Supervision Supervision pProbation pPrisons pHalf-way Houses pPost-Release Supervision Supervision What does corrections correct?

Chapter Juvenile Justice System Clients are: Delinquents (juveniles who commit crime) Status Offenders (truants, runaways, incorrigible or unmanageable juveniles) Clients are: Delinquents (juveniles who commit crime) Status Offenders (truants, runaways, incorrigible or unmanageable juveniles)

Chapter Criminal Justice Funnel Of 1,000 crimes that are committed Only 5 juveniles and 18 adults are incarcerated

Chapter The Common Law: Historical Roots Formal law in the colonies was adopted from existing English law, which today is known as common law. Formal law in the colonies was adopted from existing English law, which today is known as common law.

Chapter Procedural Law pProcedural laws control the action of the agencies of justice and define the rights of criminal defendants

Chapter Bill of Rights pFirst ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. pPurpose is to prevent government from usurping the personal freedom of citizens. pApplied to state actions through the use of the Due Process clause of the 14th Amendment. pFirst ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. pPurpose is to prevent government from usurping the personal freedom of citizens. pApplied to state actions through the use of the Due Process clause of the 14th Amendment.

Chapter Fourth Amendment The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Chapter Exclusionary Rule The exclusionary rule is not in the Constitution. It is the product of the United State Supreme Court The exclusionary rule is not in the Constitution. It is the product of the United State Supreme Court The rule disallows illegally obtained evidence at trial, and effectively enforces clauses of the 4th Amendment. The rule disallows illegally obtained evidence at trial, and effectively enforces clauses of the 4th Amendment. The exclusionary rule is not in the Constitution. It is the product of the United State Supreme Court The exclusionary rule is not in the Constitution. It is the product of the United State Supreme Court The rule disallows illegally obtained evidence at trial, and effectively enforces clauses of the 4th Amendment. The rule disallows illegally obtained evidence at trial, and effectively enforces clauses of the 4th Amendment.

Chapter Fifth Amendment pDeals with admissibility of illegally obtained confessions and self-incrimination. pMiranda v Arizona governs custodial interrogations. pContains double jeopardy clause. pContains “Due process” as it applies to the federal government. pDeals with admissibility of illegally obtained confessions and self-incrimination. pMiranda v Arizona governs custodial interrogations. pContains double jeopardy clause. pContains “Due process” as it applies to the federal government.

Chapter “Shaping” Rules pRules are typically created through judicial decisions (case law) pSubsequent cases provide judges the opportunity to clarify, tighten or broaden past rules pExample = “good faith” exceptions to the exclusionary rule pRules are typically created through judicial decisions (case law) pSubsequent cases provide judges the opportunity to clarify, tighten or broaden past rules pExample = “good faith” exceptions to the exclusionary rule

Chapter Perspectives on the Criminal Justice System pPerspectives are really “ideal types” of how the system should work, and the goals of the system. pIn practice, the system has never been purely a “crime control” or “rehabilitation” model. pPerspectives are really “ideal types” of how the system should work, and the goals of the system. pIn practice, the system has never been purely a “crime control” or “rehabilitation” model.

Chapter History of Criminal Justice pPrior to the 1900s 4 Humans viewed as “depraved” and immune to change. 4 Purpose of CJ system = punishment 4 Punishment = corporal and public pPrior to the 1900s 4 Humans viewed as “depraved” and immune to change. 4 Purpose of CJ system = punishment 4 Punishment = corporal and public

Chapter The Progressive Movement pFaith in the Government to Cure Social Ills pProgressives = middle class men and women. pSocial Ills = poverty, working conditions, crime. pCriminal Justice 4 Indeterminate sentencing, rehabilitation, juvenile justice system, probation and parole. pFaith in the Government to Cure Social Ills pProgressives = middle class men and women. pSocial Ills = poverty, working conditions, crime. pCriminal Justice 4 Indeterminate sentencing, rehabilitation, juvenile justice system, probation and parole.

Chapter Change In the 1960s pLiberals (progressives) 4 We can no longer trust the government pConservatives 4 Rehabilitation = “coddling” 4 Coddling criminals has created more crime and disorder pLiberals (progressives) 4 We can no longer trust the government pConservatives 4 Rehabilitation = “coddling” 4 Coddling criminals has created more crime and disorder

Chapter Liberal Agenda pJustice Model 4 Reduce discretion through determinate sentencing and sentencing guidelines 4 Abolish parole pDue Process Model 4 Increase individual rights pNon-intervention Model pJustice Model 4 Reduce discretion through determinate sentencing and sentencing guidelines 4 Abolish parole pDue Process Model 4 Increase individual rights pNon-intervention Model

Chapter The Conservative Agenda pCrime Control Model 4 Rehabilitation Doesn’t work 4 Deterrence and Incapacitation are Better 4 Policy = abolish parole, sentencing guidelines, increase sentence length, mandatory minimum sentences. pCrime Control Model 4 Rehabilitation Doesn’t work 4 Deterrence and Incapacitation are Better 4 Policy = abolish parole, sentencing guidelines, increase sentence length, mandatory minimum sentences.

Chapter Crime Control Model pReverse “due process” movement 4 Keep “liberal judges” out of states’ rights 4 Abolish Miranda rights and the exclusionary rule 4 Increase the police powers and ability to “ferret out crime” pReverse “due process” movement 4 Keep “liberal judges” out of states’ rights 4 Abolish Miranda rights and the exclusionary rule 4 Increase the police powers and ability to “ferret out crime”

Chapter Current Liberal Ideology pReaffirm Rehabilitation pThe “Restorative Justice Model” pReaffirm Rehabilitation pThe “Restorative Justice Model”