Timeline of Ancient Egypt

Old Kingdom Pharaohs had all government & Religious Power The Pharaoh was a landlord and rented out land to the nobles Pyramids were built to protect the dead Hieroglyphics told the pharaoh’s story Sphinx was a monument that represents the pharaoh as Ra, the sun god.

Reasons For Decline: Collected taxes, but pyramids were still too costly Pharaohs began to lose authority over nomes Crops failed and people suffered

Middle Kingdom A noble named Amenemhet I became pharaoh He gave power back to Pharaoh Moved capital to Thebes Arts and literature flourished Successful war against Nubia Trade was successful

Reasons for Decline: Weak dynasties Hyksos Warriors: Rulers of the uplands, who used horses, chariots, and bronze weapons. They destroyed temples, art burned cities. They invaded Egypt.

New Kingdom Egyptian Pharaohs drove out Hyksos Warriors The Egyptians created a standing army of charioteers, bowman and foot soldiers. Hatshepsut

Reasons for Decline: Small invasions The peace treaty between Hittites & Ramses II caused Egypt to lose some dominance Ramses III was defeated by wave of people of the sea Fell under Persia Alexander the Great occupied Egypt and Cleopatra became the last pharaoh Defeated in naval battle against Rome and became a Roman Empire

Who was Imhotep? Served as the right hand of the Pharaoh Djoser 1st individual (non-ruler) whose life has been recorded and passed through history Founder of Egyptian Medicine Architect who designed and supervised the construction of the world’s 1st stone building and 1st pyramid and tomb.

The Pharaohs were buried near Luxor, which is known as Valley of Kings & Queens.