NATIONAL IDENTITY Translated from: Dr. Drs. Thomas T. Pureklolon, MPh., MM., Msi Translated by: Aloysius Prasetya Adiseputra

NATIONAL IDENTITY: Meaning (1) ‘Identity’ is the characteristics of a person, a thing that distinguish him/her/it from other persons/ things. Nationality is a character attached to people who are bound constitutionally by physical or non physical similarities in a certain place. A national identity is essentially the manifestation of the cultural values which grow and develop in the life of a nation with a specific characteristic that distinguishes it from other nations (Koento Wibisono)

NATIONAL IDENTITY: meaning (2) Nation → People whose common identity creates a psychological bond and a political community. Their political identity usually comprises such characteristics as a common language, culture, ethnicity, and history. More than one nation may comprise a state, but the terms nation, state, and country are often used interchangeably. A nation-state is a state populated primarily by the people of one nationality. Nationalism: a modern concept → a desire by a large group of people (such as people who share the same culture, history, language, etc.) to form a separate and independent nation of their own

National Identity The Indonesian Context: Components: Pancasila is the Indonesian national identity. It is actualised in the worldview of the nation, the national identity, the philosophy of Pancasila, the structuring of the nation’s administration and as State Ideologi Components: The National Language: Indonesian The State’s Flag: the Red and White The National Anthem: Indonesia Raya The National Emblem: Pancasila The National Motto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika The State’s Constitution: the UUD 1945 The State’s form: the Unitarian State of the Republic of Indonesia embodying the people’s sovereignty The Conception of the Nusantara Worldview The regional cultures accepted as the National Cultural Heritage

Components of the National Identity: Fundamental Identity: Pancasila → Nation’s philosophy, State’s Foundation, and as State’s ldeology. Instrumental Identity: UUD 1945 and all the Charts of Law, The Indonesian Language, The State’s Emblem, The State’s Flag, The National Anthem “Indonesia Raya”. Natural Identity: National Archipelago and a plurality of ethnics, languages, cultures, religions and spiritualities.

THE FORMATIVE HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY (1) - Historically, the process of forming and establishing the Indonesian nation and state is actually a long struggling. - Since colonial era, Indonesians struggled for independence either physically or non-physically (tribes and ethnics). Starting by Budi Utomo (1908), SDI (1911), SI (1912), Youth Pledge (1928) our ancestors tries diplomatically to obtain independence. - 17 August 1945, on behalf of all Indonesian people Ir Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta proclaimed the independence of Indonesia. That is the time Indonesian nation and state established.

THE FORMATIVE HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY (2) The formation of the National Identity was closely connected to the progress of nationalism which arose and developed in the West. Principles of nationalism: Freedom/independence Unity Equality

PANCASILA and INDONESIA (2) Needing one another, complementary, and closely connected to one another Pancasila without Indonesia would loose its context Indonesia without Pancasila would loose its meaning The innermost essence and content of the Indonesian National Identity is PANCASILA.

PANCASILA and INDONESIA (3) The Elements of Pancasila: Indonesia as a nation-state Indonesia = a Nation(with a variety of tribes, religions, races, ethnic groups, cultures, beliefs), and a State with a specific government; this is embodied in the concept of a Nation-State A state, with all the powers it possesses, should not be managed in a feudal, or worse authoritarian system. All the citizens are equal, and are treated as same before the law by the state.

PANCASILA and INDONESIA (4) The Elements of Pancasila The Integration of Indonesia The basic pattern for the integration of the Indonesian nation is Pancasila The fundamental basis for the integration of the Indonesian nation is equality → the mandate of Pancasila The Indonesian values The principle of human equality, communality, familiarity, cooperation, social justice, and democracy Founded on Pancasila, Indonesia becomes a nation that runs a state with modern values hinging upon the supremacy of the Law (Ch. 27 v. 1 UUD 1945)

THE NATIONAL IDENTITY OF INDONESIA (1) Characteristics of the Indonesian National Identity Pluralism and Multiculturalism a situation in which people of different social classes, religions, races, etc., are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interests; hundreds of tribes → an asset for the state through the understanding of their environment, tradition, and cultural potentialities at hand → to be used for nation building In recognition of the plurality of Indonesia, respect for pluri-formity and disposition for multiculturalism must become a distinctive characteristic of the Indonesian nation.

THE NATIONAL IDENTITY OF INDONESIA (2) Characteristics of the Indonesian National Identity Equality The pluralistic and multicultural reality, the interaction, communication, and relation between the various elements of the Indonesian nation will further emphasize the equality of the citizens National Characteristic The general vision of the Indonesian national identity Awareness of the pluralistic and multicultural reality of Indonesia becomes a distinctive characteristic of the citizen’s awareness of the identity of Indonesia as a nation.

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