Organisms Distribution Environment

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Presentation transcript:

Organisms Distribution Environment Marine Environment Organisms Distribution Environment

Life in the Ocean Plankton: floaters Nekton: swimmers Benthos: bottom dwellers

Plants vs. animals Phytoplankton Zooplankton Carry on photosynthesis Diatoms, coccolithophores, dinoflagellates Zooplankton Consumers Radiolarians, forams, others

PHYTOPLANKTON

ZOOPLANKTON

Time as a planktonic organism Meroplankton Part of life as a plankton; rest as nekton or benthos Holoplankton All of life as plankton

Nekton Many varieties Consider commercial fisheries

Benthos Rocky shores Tide pools Sand and mud Deep sea Coral reefs Just a few examples

Where benthic organisms live Epifuana Live on top of sediments Infauna Live within sediments Nektobenthos Walk or swim along bottom

Epifauna

Infauna (a, b, c, e)

DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE Why these patterns? Land 86% Sea 14% Benthic 98% Pelagic 2% DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE

Environments Pelagic……the water Benthic…..the bottom Neritic – over continental shelf Oceanic Epipelagic: down to 200 m Mesopelagic: 200-1000 m Bathypelagic: 1000-4000 m Benthic…..the bottom

Neritic 200 m

Oceanic Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic 200 m 1000 m 4000 m

Light zones in ocean Photic Aphotic Light for photosynthesis Usually 0-100 m Aphotic Without light Deeper than 1000 m

Benthic Environment Similar zones as pelagic Omit details and new names

Making a living in the ocean Primary productivity, respiration, decomposition Depth zone differences

Oxygen with depth (red) Nutrients with depth ( green) Relate pattern to photosynthesis, respiration, decay and other processes

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