© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 1 Chapter 12 Delivering the Presentation Types of DeliveryTypes of Delivery Guidelines for DeliveryGuidelines for Delivery Question-and-Answer SessionsQuestion-and-Answer Sessions Speaking with ConfidenceSpeaking with Confidence Chapter Outline

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 2 Types of Delivery Presentation StylePresentation Style –Monologues One-way speeches without interruptionOne-way speeches without interruption –Guided discussions Listeners interrupt with questions & commentsListeners interrupt with questions & comments –Interactive presentations More audience involvementMore audience involvement Presenter often sitsPresenter often sits

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 3 Types of Delivery Manuscript PresentationsManuscript Presentations –Speaker reads remarks word-for-word from a prepared statement –Serious mistakes can occur –Usually sounds wooden and lifeless –Often too long –If cost of misstatements is high, can be the best option

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 4 Types of Delivery Memorized PresentationsMemorized Presentations –Recited word-for-word –A worse option than reading because of chance of memory loss –Sounds memorized –Can be useful for critical sections of a talk

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 5 Types of Delivery Extemporaneous PresentationsExtemporaneous Presentations –Planned and rehearsed, but not word-for- word –Can seem spontaneous and effortless –The most valuable, useful type of delivery –Can use notes BriefBrief LegibleLegible UnobtrusiveUnobtrusive

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 6 Types of Delivery Impromptu PresentationsImpromptu Presentations –Unexpected, off-the-cuff –Usually a familiar subject –Listeners don’t expect perfection

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 7 Types of Delivery Tips for Impromptu PresentationsTips for Impromptu Presentations –Predict that you will be asked to speak –Focus on audience and situation –Accept the invitation with assurance –Organize your thoughts –Present reasons, logic or facts to support your viewpoint –Don’t apologize or ramble on

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 8 Guidelines for Delivery  Dress effectively  Speak with confidence and authority  Get set before starting  Keep eye contact  No notes at the beginning  Stand and move effectively  Pack up after speaking  Finish smartly Visual Elements

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 9 Guidelines for Delivery Verbal ElementsVerbal Elements –Use an oral speaking style Short sentencesShort sentences Active voiceActive voice Plenty of personal pronounsPlenty of personal pronouns Use contractions oftenUse contractions often Address listeners by nameAddress listeners by name

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 10 Guidelines for Delivery Verbal ElementsVerbal Elements –Don’t emphasize mistakes –Use appropriate language VocabularyVocabulary EnunciationEnunciation PronunciationPronunciation

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 11 Guidelines for Delivery Vocal ElementsVocal Elements  Speak with enthusiasm and sincerity  Speak loudly enough  Avoid disfluencies “eh” “um” “like” “you know” “OK”“eh” “um” “like” “you know” “OK”  Vary your speech  Use positives effectively

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 12 Question-and-Answer Sessions  When to Answer Questions –During the presentation Allow extra timeAllow extra time Promise to answer premature questions laterPromise to answer premature questions later –After the presentation Control the way information is revealedControl the way information is revealed Control over length of talkControl over length of talk May lose some listeners partwayMay lose some listeners partway Lose control over the last thing listeners hearLose control over the last thing listeners hear

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 13 Question-and-Answer Sessions  How to Manage Questions –Start the ball rolling –Anticipate likely questions –Clarify complicated or confusing ideas –Treat questioners with respect –Keep answers focused on goal –Buy time when necessary –Answer to the entire audience –Follow last question with a summary

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 14 Speaking with Confidence Accept Moderate NervousnessAccept Moderate Nervousness –Helps you focus on presentation –Learn to control it Speak More OftenSpeak More Often –Begin with modest challenges and low stakes –Speech courses give practice ground

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 15 Speaking with Confidence Rehearse Your PresentationRehearse Your Presentation –Rehearse on your feet, before an audience –Expect talk to run 20% longer –Rehearse 3-6 times –Pay attention to intro and conclusion –Rehearse in a real setting

© Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008 Slide 16 Speaking with Confidence Focus on the Topic and AudienceFocus on the Topic and Audience –Keep focus off yourself –Compliment your audience sincerely Think Rationally about the PresentationThink Rationally about the Presentation Myth 1: Presentation must be perfect Myth 2: You can persuade every listener Myth 3: The worst will happen