X. Dong Nov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review STAR RNC Xin Dong Nuclear Science Division / LBNL 1) QCD in cold nuclear matter 2) QCD in hot nuclear.

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Presentation transcript:

X. Dong Nov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review STAR RNC Xin Dong Nuclear Science Division / LBNL 1) QCD in cold nuclear matter 2) QCD in hot nuclear matter sQGP properties QCD phase structure 3) QCD in nucleon spin structure STAR Physics Program

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider 2 Heavy Ion Collisions: Au + Au √s NN = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, 130, 200 GeV Cu + Cu = 22.4, 62.4, 200 GeV d + Au = 200 GeV U + U 193 GeV, Cu + Au 200 GeV Polarized p + p Collisions: √s = 62.4, 200, 500 GeV STAR

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review STAR Detector 3 Large & uniform acceptance at mid-rapidity (exploring forward upgrades) Excellent particle identification Fast data acquisition

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review RHIC Discoveries 4 STAR: PRL. 99 (2007) Formation of strongly-coupled Quark Gluon Plasma (sQGP)! v2v2 STAR: PRL. 91 (2003) “Jet Quenching” - Significant suppression in particle yield at high p T in central heavy ion collisions “Partonic Collectivity” - Strong collective flow, even for multi-strange hadrons ( ,  ) - Flow driven by Number-of-Constituent-Quark (NCQ) in hadrons Two most significant discoveries originated in RNC:

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review HI Physics Focus of RNC 5 1) Study sQGP Properties Systematic investigation of partonic collectivity – Identified particle v 2 Chiral properties / thermal radiation – Dielectron production (energy dependence) Thermalization – Heavy Quark Production (D-meson, J/  ) Partonic energy loss – Jets, high p T correlations 2) Study QCD phase structure - Beam Energy Scan Turn-off of sQGP signatures – elliptic flow of identified particles – R cp of charged hadrons Search for critical point – high moments of net-proton multiplicity

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Partonic Collectivity 6 H. Masui, Md. Nasim (Oct. – Dec. 2011) STAR, QM 2012 Precision measurements of identified particle v 2 - push the limits of partonic collectivity - provide constraints to study the sQGP properties 0-30%: baryon-meson grouping / NCQ scaling holds %: Multi-strange hadron v 2 deviate from NCQ scaling at m T -m 0 >1 GeV/c 2. v 2 (  )<v 2 (K s ), v 2 (  )<v 2 (  )

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Charm production cross section 7 X.D., Y. Zhang (now at USTC) STAR, QM 2011, QM 2012STAR, PRD 86 (2012) Heavy quarks – Sensitive to degree of thermalization of early system. consistent with the pQCD calculation in p+p. predominantly created from initial hard scatterings in HI collisions. pQCD

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review 8 Open Charm Hadrons in Au+Au collisions Modification in low p T - indication of strong charm-medium interactions. Large suppression at high p T - indication of large energy loss in the sQGP. Future precision measurements with HFT: R AA, v 2, correlations. Model curves: He, et al. arXiv: Gossiaux, et al. arXiv: Y. Zhang (now at USTC) STAR, QM2012

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review J/  Production 9 STAR, QM2012 C. Powell Quarkonium production – color screening in sQGP. consistent with a shadowing model + cold nuclear absorption in d+Au. J/  freeze-out differently compared to light hadrons - Small (or zero) radial flow - Other production mechanisms (e.g. regeneration)

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review J/  v 2 – Probe Charm Collectivity 10 Au+Au 200 GeV 0-80% Disfavor regeneration from thermalized charm quarks at p T > 2 GeV/c. H. Qiu Paper in Collaboration review To be submitted to PRL soon. STAR, QM2011

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Dielectrons at Au+Au 200 GeV 11 Clean penetrating probe to study various stage of HI collisions Goals: o In-medium vector mesons o Thermal radiation Enhancement at GeV/c 2 compared to the hadron cocktail. Vacuum  cannot reproduce the excess observed in data. -  in-medium modification STAR, QM2011 J. Zhao

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Energy Dependent Dielectron Production 12 Low mass region (LMR) enhancement persists from 19.6 – 200 GeV. In-medium  broadening reproduce LMR excesses consistently. - Suggestive of (partial) chiral symmetry restoration. Future measurements to quantify the correlated charm contribution. - QGP thermal radiation: Cross section, R AA, v 2,  (M, p T ) In-medium  broadening: R. Rapp, private communications P. Huck STAR, QM2012

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Beam Energy Scan 13 0) Turn-off of sQGP signatures 1)Search for the phase boundary 2) Search for the critical point BES Phase-I RNC initiated and is now leading the BES program at RHIC NSAC Long Range Plan 2007

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Inclusive Charged Hadron v 2 14 STAR, PRC 86 (2012) H. Masui, A. Schmah Similar v 2 behavior over a wide energy range from 7.7 GeV – 2.76 TeV. v2v2 Ratio

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Identified Particle v 2 15 Significant difference between baryon-antibaryon v 2 at lower energies. No clear baryon/meson grouping for anti-particles at <=11.5 GeV. NCQ scaling between particles and anti-particles is broken! Hadronic interactions play a significant role at √s NN <= 11.5 GeV. STAR Preliminary A. Schmah Papers well advanced in the collaboration, to be released soon. STAR, QM 2012

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review R cp of Charged Hadrons 16 jet-quenching off STAR, QM 2012 E. Sangaline Significant change in the charged hadron R cp at low energies. Similar behavior in HIJING with no partonic energy loss at low energies. - suppression at 200 GeV – partonic energy loss Hadronic interactions play a significant role at √s NN <= 11.5 GeV.

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Higher Moments of Net-protons 17 Higher moments - more sensitive to Critical Point induced fluctuations. A non-monotonic behavior could be indicative of the QCD critical point. Deviation from Poisson expectation. - can be due to other correlation sources Current precision cannot allow a firm conclusion on the energy dependence. Future precision measurements at low energies. X.F. Luo (now at CCNU), H.G. Ritter STAR QM 2012 variance skewness kurtosis STAR, PRL 105 (2010)

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Spin Physics at STAR 18 RNC focus Gluon polarization – Jet double spin asymmetry Strange quark polarization – Hyperon (  ) longitudinal spin transfer Transverse spin – Forward single spin asymmetries (  0,  ) Nucleon spin structure 25-30% of total spin

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review 19 Gluon Polarization – Jet Asymmetries Non-zero gluon polarization for gluon light-cone momenta at the level of 5-20% of the proton momentum and at hard scales. STAR PRL 97 (2006) , PRL 98 (2008) PRD 86 (2012) , SPIN data 2009 data DSSV: Florian et al, PRL 101 (2008)

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review 20 Longitudinal Hyperon Spin Transfer STAR, SPIN 2012, DNP 2012 Non-relativistic naive quark model, all quarks contribute equally to D LL, Non-relativistic naive quark model, only strange quarks contribute D LL, Deep-Inelastic-Scattering like contributions to D LL. R. Cendejas (now at Penn. State. Univ.) E. Sichtermann New sensitivity to  s (  s) and polarized fragmentation. Unique at RHIC and complementary to deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering.

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review 21 Transverse Asymmetries:  ,  A N of ,  – QCD origin of large asymmetries, OAM contribution in nucleon spin. NLO pQCD describes the η production cross section at forward rapidity. A N of η might be larger than π 0 A N. STAR, PRD 86 (2012) (R) L. Eun

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Synergies with Theory Group 22 Jet quenching and partonic energy loss Hydrodynamic flow Correlation / fluctuation Heavy flavor Dileptons Spin STAR, PRL 91 (2003) Song, PRL 106 (2011) Steinheimer, arXiv: STAR, PRD 86 (2012) Yuan, PRD 84 (2011)

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review STAR Physics Focus in Future BES-I HFT/MTD: Heavy Flavor / Dileptons BES-II ( √s NN ≤ 20GeV ) pA/eA program Precision measurements on HF and dileptons: Quantify the sQGP properties (hot QCD) Precision measurements on focused energies Map out the QCD phase structure Precision measurements on pA and eA Study QCD in cold matter

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Future STAR Physics RNC 24 1)Heavy quark production: a)Heavy quark collectivity: - the degree of thermalization b)Heavy quark R AA and correlations: - parton energy loss mechanism / medium properties 2)Di-lepton production: cross section, R AA, v 2,  (M, p T ) 3)Full jet reconstruction in heavy ion collisions 4)In preparation of BES-II 5)pA/eA program – nPDF / evolution from cold nuclear matter to sQGP

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review 25

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions 26 Time Initial hard scatterings Partonic stage Hadronic stage Freeze-out Nuclear modification factor (R AA ) Characterize the medium effect Elliptic flow (v 2 ) = 2 nd Fourier coefficient Sensitive to the early stage properties Observables

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review 27 Future: Thermal Radiation via Di-electrons Transverse momentum spectra slopes: to disentangle charm and QGP radiation - Au+Au result seems to be higher than p+p and PYTHIA charm at ~ 2 GeV. Suggestive of either charm modifications or other sources. - Future measurements to quantify the correlated charm contribution. -– QGP thermal radiation: Cross section, R AA, v 2,  (M, p T ) J. Zhao STAR, QM2011

X. DongNov. 27th, 2012 Director’s Review Future Upgrades 28 Near term TPC SSD IST PXL 1) Heavy Flavor Tracker (HFT) RNC leading the Pixel subproject see Jim Thomas’s talk next 2) Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) Mid term Subsystem upgrade at forward rapidity expanding pA/eA physics program