Mistakes in Meiosis. Non-Disjunction a type of mistake in meiosis that happens to the CHROMOSOME It is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate.

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Presentation transcript:

Mistakes in Meiosis

Non-Disjunction a type of mistake in meiosis that happens to the CHROMOSOME It is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly

2 things can happen a) Have extra chromosomes b) Missing chromosomes

Extra Chromosomes EX: Down Syndrome When chromosome # 21 does not fully separate, and there is an additional chromosome A person with down syndrome has 3 chromosomes instead of 2, which is called Trisomy 21

Extra Chromosome EX: Polyploidy Polyploidy is when there is a total LACK of separation of homologous chromosomes The gamete (sperm/egg) inherits an entire EXTRA set of chromosomes

Polyploidy Polyploidy is rare in animals, but if it occurs it will result in death of a zygote BUT, it is frequent in PLANTS Plants that have polyploidy are larger, healthier, and are of greater commercial value

Polyploidy

Missing Chromosomes If a chromosome is missing, the organism will most likely not survive It is referred to as “monosomy” EX: Turner syndrome

Turner Syndrome Human females have only 1 single X chromosome instead of 2 X’s

How to detect Genetic Disorders Cells are extracted from a person The Cells are stained to reveal a banding patterns Chromosomes are identified, and arranged in homologous pairs This chart is called a Karyotype, and is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities

Chromosome PAIRS are called Autosomes Chromosome Pair 23 is called the sex chromosome XX is female XY is Male Sperm determines the sex of a baby (meaning it’s either X or Y), while the Egg is always X