1 Renewable energy in the EU in the context of climate change Lutz Ribbe (Euronature), Member of the Economic and Social Committee Delhi, 21 Sept. 2007

2 The biggest CO 2 -producer (2005) (in million tons) responsible for 2/3 of the global CO 2 -Emission *= 2002 source: iwr

3 The biggest CO 2 -producer (2005) (in million tons) Red = G8-member states G8 (13% of global population) responsible for appr. 45% of the global CO2 Emission USA: more than 22% *= 2002, source: iwr

4 CO 2 - Emission (tons/ per capita + year)

5 CO 2 - sources (EU(25)) Source: DG Tren, Dated: 2004

6 Decisions of the EU-summit -CO2 reduction (EU-summit, march 2007): --30% until 2020, if other industrialized countries contribute in the same way -“guaranteed”: -20% until to -80% until 2050 (basis: 1990) -ambitious goals! Commission: a new „industrial revolution“

7 CO 2 - emission (tons/ per capita) 2005

8 2020: goal - 30%

9 2050: goal - 60%

: goal - 80%

11 „Revolution“ -Highly ambitious, yet feasible goals -Commission: „The days of cheap fossile energies are over“ -As energy becomes more expensive,“wasting“ energy becomes more expensive too -Technical innovation along with energy saving/using efficient devices becomes a „business“

12 Problem -How are we to reach a reduction of 20%, 30% or even 60% ? -The EU does set goals, but indicates almost no instrument to reach these goals -Neither the so-called sustainability strategy nor the „Green Paper on market economy instruments“ provide for an actual guidance on this field

13 Energy package -20% of all energy coming from renewable sources (by 2020) -10% biofuels (by  ) -Energy efficiency: +20% until 2020  1,5% each year: buildings, cars, products -Transport policy (more railway) -Taxation, emission trading

14 Are energy saving and energy efficiency sufficient ? -Reaching these ambitious goals is not a mere technical issue. -I takes more than saving energy and technological solutions -Is is all about power and markets; the idea is to „make money“ -Interest groups !

15 Centralised/De-centralised structures -The age of fossile energy was/is the age of centralised, relatively unefficient energy production structures -Large power plants with low efficiency rates (35 to 45%, residual heating) -Very few global operating oil companies; not many large energy suppliers -In Germany: RWE, Eon, EnBW, Vattenfall -In France: EdF

16 Centralised/De-centralised structures -The age of regenerating energies becomes the age of de-centralised and efficient energy structures:  Sun on the roof (Electricity and Heating)  Combined Power and Heating Systems (with more than 90% energy efficiency, instead of 45% in the case of large power (coal/nuclear)) plants  De-centralised energy circuits using biomass

17 Who will profit? -New market players, new workplaces in the regions: energy saving techniques, short- distance supply networks, solar energy and local workforce, biogas, including vegetable oil technologies -The new „large“ energy suppliers wish to maintain centralised structures; they live from them (see: biofuel strategy, division between production and network)

18 … off we go – to the next river bank!

19 India -Just one example: coocking -Europe: mainly by electricity, partly by gas -India: kerosene, wood, cow dung