4K Display Technology

Jeevan Ramesh R S6 CT 4K Display Technology

Contents History Introduction Motivation Resolution Specification UHD & HD Rec K Technology Frame Rate And Digital Representation Conclusion Expenses

History

CinemaYouTube History The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic purposes was the Dalsa Origin, released in The projection of films at 4K resolution at cinemas began in 2011.The first 4K home theatre projector was released by Sony in Sony

CinemaYouTube History YouTube began supporting 4K for video uploads in Users could view 4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until December 2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality menu. Sony

CinemaYouTube History Sony is one of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013 offering a little over 70 movie and television titles via digital download to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video. Sony

Introduction

Indroduction  4K is the new big thing in display technology.  1920 x 1080 resolution - full HD TVs: Image of around 2 megapixels  UHDTV - 8 megapixel image from hi-resolution cameras.  4K denotes a very specific display resolution of 4096 x  Proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).  It will soon become a format for both broadcast TV and Blu-ray.

Motivation

Motivation  The high definition comes in two flavors which are 720p (HD ready) and 1080p (Full HD).  Both standards offer more picture information than the standard definition formats.  The more pixels that make up an image, the more detail you see - and the smoother the appearance of curved and diagonal lines.  Ultra HD takes that on to the next level.  A high pixel count also enables images to go larger before they break up, which suits the trend to bigger TVs.

Motivation  The real difference between 720p and 1080p is the minimum viewing distance from TV about two meters.  Increasing pixel density leads to closer viewing distance without the pixel grid becoming obvious to viewer.  A 4K image - or Ultra HD - enables user to sit 1.6m from the screen.

Resolution

Resolution Of 4K

A 4K Picture

UHD4K Resolution Specification  "Ultra High-Definition", or "Ultra HD",  Have an aspect ratio of at least 16:9  Can present native video at a minimum resolution of 4096 x 2,160 pixels. 8K

UHD4K Resolution Specification  4K UHDTV (2160p) is 4096 pixels wide by 2160 pixels tall (8.3 megapixels), which is four times more pixels than 1920 x 1080 (2.1 megapixels). 8K

UHD4K Resolution Specification  8K UHDTV (4320p) is 7680 pixels wide by 4320 pixels tall (33 megapixels), which is sixteen times more pixels than current 1080p HDTV, which brings it closer to the detail level of 15/70 mm IMAX.  The p in 2160p and 4320p stands for progressive scan. 8K

UHD4K Resolution Specification  UHD is a resolution of 3840 pixels × 2160 lines (8.3 megapixels, aspect ratio 16:9) and is one of the two resolutions of ultra high definition television targeted towards consumer television, the other being FUHD which is 7680 pixels × 4320 lines (33.2 megapixels). UHD has twice the horizontal and vertical resolution of the 1080p HDTV format, with four times as many pixels overall. 8K

Media & Recording

Digital Cinema  The Digital Cinema Initiatives consortium established a standard resolution of 4096 pixels × 2160 lines (8.8 megapixels, aspect ratio ~17:9) for 4K film projection. This is the native resolution for DCI-compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors; pixels are cropped from the top or sides depending on the aspect ratio of the content being projected. The DCI 4K standard has twice the horizontal and vertical resolution of DCI 2K, with four times as many pixels overall. DCI 4K does not conform to the standard 1080p Full HD aspect ratio (16:9), so it is not a multiple of the 1080p display.

Recording  The main advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine spatial detail is resolved well. This contrasts with 2K resolutions in which fine detail in hair is displayed poorly. If the final video quality is reduced to 2K from a 4K recording more detail is apparent than would have been achieved from a 2K recording. Increased fineness and contrast is then possible with output to DVD and Blu-ray.

Difference Between UHD And 4K  Technically, "Ultra High Definition" is actually a derivation of the 4K digital cinema standard. However while your local multiplex shows images in native 4096 x K resolution, the new Ultra HD consumer format has a slightly lower resolution of 3840 X  This is one reason why some brands prefer not to use the 4K label at all, sticking with Ultra HD or UHD instead. However, the numerical shorthand looks likely to stick. As a broad brush label it's so much snappier!

Specifications

Sit Back Distance  4K Ultra HD is a much more intimate viewing experience than Full HD. In many respects, the best way to view 4K is analogous to the way we view films in a cinema. Old style cinemas were shoe-box shaped and most patrons sat typically 3-5 screen heights away, because that was the most comfortable viewing distance.  Consequently, a large 4K screen is probably best viewed at a distance of between 2-3m

REC Standard  Recommendation 2020 defines various aspects of ultra high definition television (UHDTV) such as display resolution, frame rate, chroma subsampling, bit depth, and color space.  The wavelength of the Rec primary colors is:  630 nm for the Red primary color.  532 nm for the Green primary color  467 nm for the Blue primary color.

Frame Rate And Representation

Frame rate & Digital Representation  Frame rate, also known as frame frequency and frames per second (FPS), is the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally well to film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture systems.  120p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, p.  Only progressive scan frame rates are allowed.  The NHK is planning for their UHDTV system, Super Hi- Vision, to use 12-bits per sample RGB.

Expensive Technology

Expensive is the technology  The first wave of 4K TVs were large, really large. Both Sony and LG launched with 84-inch panels Consequently, they were saddled with price tags in excess of 18,00,000. Not to be outdone, Samsung weighed in with the 85-inch S9 at 33,00,000, clearly aimed at footballers Generally speaking, a market- leading 65-inch 4K TV like the Sony KD-65X9005B will set you back a little over 2,00, and they're getting cheaper.

Screen Size

How small will 4K Ultra HD screens get  In the short term, screen sizes are likely to stabilise at 55-inches and upwards. That's because as the screen size shrinks the advantage of having such a pixel dense display starts to diminish. There's also an irrefutable relationship between screen resolution and viewing distances.  While seating will vary from home to home, generally speaking a large 4K TV will provide an upgrade for a smaller 1080p screen. However, the 4K resolution will ultimately be about more than just definition.

Growth Of Technology

*As per Calculations

Are 4K televisions future-proof  While there is no content yet that can take advantage of this higher 4K frame rate -- apart from PC games -- we consider HDMI 2.0 a must-have for any 4K TV going forward. In addition to including it in their K TVs, many makers also offer an upgrade path that enables their K TVs to be upgraded to HDMI 2.0. Compared to 1080p TVs they still demand a premium.

Hang on, what about 8K  If 4K offers four times the resolution of Full HD, then 8K will deliver 16 times the definition. 8K screens comprise a staggering 33 million pixels.This is an order of magnitude beyond any display technology currently available, and only one broadcaster, Japanese state owned NHK, has publically said it intends to commercialise the technology. NHK has since pledged to shoot and transmit the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the format.

Conclusion

Conclusion  Complex implementation.  Requires a large shift in the broadcast and entertainment infrastructure.  Currently the only devices to offer Ultra HD play-out are ultra high resolution PC graphics cards, which typically use a quartet of SDI or HDMI outputs to deliver 8MP of video.

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