Civilizations After 1500 A.D. SOL WHII.5

The Ottoman Empire began in Asia Minor. Gradually, this empire expanded further into Africa and Asia. This is Asia Minor where the Ottoman Empire began.

Constantinople – later Istanbul Began in Asia Minor Expanded

The greatest Ottoman sultan was Suleiman, who brought the Ottoman Empire to its height. To help bind together his empire, Suleiman simplified the tax system, reduced government bureaucracy, and insisted on the following of Islamic social laws.

The Ottoman Empire emerged as a political and economic power following the conquest of Constantinople.

The capital at Constantinople was renamed Istanbul. Constantinople’s position between eastern Europe and Asia the point that connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea has made it useful as both a barrier and a bridge.

The Ottomans brought much of Muslim territory in Southwest Asia and North Africa under their rule. North Africa Southwest Asia

The Islamic religion was a unifying force for the Ottoman Empire. This religion accepted other religions. The social structure of the Ottoman Empire was based on Islamic laws and tenets.

Coffee and ceramics were items that were traded. The growth of trade of these products helped develop the Ottoman Empire.

Descendents of the Mongols, the Muslim Mughal (Mogal) rulers established an empire in northern India. Mughal Empire began in northern India.

The Mughal Empire traded with European nations. This caused the arrival of European trading outposts.

Indian Ocean India Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing Coastal ports on the Indian sub- continent. Portugal, England, and the Netherlands established ports.

Indian textiles had an influence on the British textile industry.

The Mughal rulers contributed to the spread of Islam into India.

Shah Jahan ordered the building of the Taj Mahal to enshrine his wife’s memory. He wanted to build a tomb that was “as beautiful as she was beautiful.”

The Chinese and Japan sought to limit the influence and activities of European merchants.

There was an increase in European demand for Chinese goods such as tea and porcelain.

China’s imperial policy attempted to control foreign influences and trade. It was declared that only the government was to conduct foreign trade.

China also used taxes to help minimize outside influences. Taxes on agriculture stayed low BUT taxes on manufacturing and trade escalated. Taxes Low Taxes High

China created foreign enclaves to control trade.

Japan was characterized by a powerless emperor. The rule in Japan was by military leader known as a shogun. The shogun was Japan’s supreme general of the army.

Japan adopted a policy of isolation to limit foreign influences. They wanted to keep foreigners out if possible.

The exportation of slaves and demand for imported goods began to alter traditional economic patterns in Africa.

The main exported item from Africa was its people as slaves were taken to the Caribbean and the Americas to supply labor.

The European nations established a trade pattern known as the triangular trade pattern. Africa exported slaves, gold, and raw materials.

Africa imported manufactured goods from Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

New food products were introduced to Africa. These included corn and peanuts.

European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources. This created new economic practices, such as mercantilism, linking European nations with their colonies.

Mercantilism was an economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient.

Mercantilism was based on the theory that the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country. This meant the mother country could take what was needed from its colonies.

Mercantilism was rooted in the idea that a nation’s power is related to its wealth and needs a favorable balance of trade with its colonies.

During the Commercial Revolution, European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources.

Because of the Commercial Revolution, a new economic system emerged. New money and banking systems were created New money and banking systems were created Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country

1. Why was the Taj Mahal built in India? To honor Shah Jahan’s wife

2. What was the supreme general of Japan’s army called? shogun What was the role of Japan’s emperor? He was only a figurehead. He was virtually powerless.

3. Where did the Ottoman Empire begin? Asia Minor What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire? Constantinople – renamed Istanbul

4. What did the Ottoman Empire trade? Coffee and ceramics

5. Why did Japan close the door to foreign trade? To limit foreign influences

6. What is mercantilism? The idea that the colonies exist to supply the needs of the mother country. How did mercantilism effect the idea of a nation’s power? There was a feeling that a nation’s power is related to its wealth.

7. What body of water did the Mughal Empire trade on? The Indian Ocean

8. What is a joint stock company? Investors joined resources to pay for expensive overseas exploration A joint stock company is similar to a _____________. corporation

9. What was picked up at the trading posts on the African Coast in the triangular trade route? Slaves and gold

10. Where was the Mughal Empire founded? In North India

11. What was the Ottoman Empire based on? Islamic laws and tenets Why was this important? It helped unify the empire.