10/30 & 10/31- 8 th Grade Agenda Learning Objective: Learn about Radioactive Elements Collect Hw: Reading & Notetaking p.81 & 82 Class Reading p.158 – 163 Chap 4 Study Guide Hw: Reading & Notetaking: p.84 – 85 Reminder: Chap 4 Test on 11/4 Reminder: Elemental Super Hero Project Due:11/13 (15 Points)

Daily Reflection Prompt: Write 3 questions that you have about Radioactive Elements?

Nonmetals Many of the nonmetals are gases at room temperature (Low boiling points) Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Iodine

What are Nonmetals Properties? Dull Brittle (not malleable and not ductile) Lower density than metals Poor conductors of heat and electricity More than half are gases at room temperature

Sharing Electrons When nonmetals and metals react, electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.

Group 15 - Nitrogen Family Nitrogen and Phosphorus are nonmetal Shares 3 electrons in chemical reactions Atmosphere is 80% Nitrogen Nitrogen used in Fertilizer Phosphorus is used in matches

Group 16 - Oxygen Family Shares 2 electrons in chemical reactions Oxygen and Sulfur are nonmetal Oxygen is very reactive and combine with almost every other element Sulfur has a rotten egg smell and is found in rubber.

Group 17 - Halogen Family Halogen means “Salt Forming” Halogens are very reactive and when uncombined, dangerous to humans Shares 1 electron in chemical reactions Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine Fluorine is found in nonstick cookware and in tooth paste Chlorine is found in table salt Bromine is used in photographic film

Group 18 – Noble (Inert) Gases Does not react with other atoms Known as “Noble” gases because they do not mix with other elements Helium are used in balloons Neon are used to light signs

Hydrogen One Proton and One electron 90% of atoms in the universe are hydrogen Hydrogen differ very much from other elements and cannot be grouped into a family

What are Semimetals? Metalloids have some of the characteristics of metals and some of the characteristics of non-metal Silicon combines with oxygen to form sand, glass and cement Boron is used in some cleaning solutions Metalloid conducts electricity depending on temperature, exposure to light (useful in making computer chip)

What are Diatomic Molecules ? When molecules contain only two atoms they are called diatomic molecules O2 and H2 are examples

What is Plasma? At the extreme temperatures found in the sun and other stars, matter does not exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Instead, it exists in a state called plasma. Atoms are stripped of their electrons and nuclei are packed close together

What is Nuclear Fusion? Atomic Nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process

What is Nuclear Fusion? Inside of a star, hydrogen combine to from helium Also used in Hydrogen Bombs E = mc 2

What is a Supernova? Elements heavier than iron is produced when the most massive star explode in a supernova explosion Everything in the universe including yourself is made from star dust

What is Radioactive Decay? The process of atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes releasing fast moving particles and energy. Particles and energy produce during radioactive decay are forms of nuclear radiation

Alpha Decay 2 protons and 2 neutrons are lost

Beta Decay Neutrons breaks up into a electron and proton. Electron (Beta Particle) is given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay

Gamma Decay Most energetic form of light (Invisible to us) is given off during radioactive decay