Volcanic Activity Earth Science Ch. 18. Factors affecting magma formation ► Pressure ► Temperature ► Water-causes rock to melt at a lower temp ► YouTube.

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanic Activity Earth Science Ch. 18

Factors affecting magma formation ► Pressure ► Temperature ► Water-causes rock to melt at a lower temp ► YouTube - Volcano Eruptions YouTube - Volcano Eruptions YouTube - Volcano Eruptions

Map of volcanoes Fig. 18-2

Viscosity-resistance to flow ► Honey has a high viscosity ► Water has a low viscosity

► The hotter the magma, the lower the viscosity ► YouTube - Ol Doinyo Lengai Volcano YouTube - Ol Doinyo Lengai Volcano YouTube - Ol Doinyo Lengai Volcano

► Magma=below surface ► Lava=above surface ► Vent-what lava erupts through ► Crater-depression around the vent ► Caldera-collapsed volcano

Caldera (in AK)

Crater Lake, OR (caldera)

Types of Volcanoes ► 1. Shield Volcanoes  -broad slope  -largest type of volcano  -usually nonexplosive eruptions  Ex. Hawaiian Islands ► Fig

Hawaii

Cinder-cone volcanoes ► Smallest type of volcano ► Less than 500m ► More viscous magma, lots of gases, so it makes it very explosive

Cinder cone antomy

Composite volcanoes ► Layers of ash/volcanic fragments and lava ► Violent eruptions ► Ex. Mt St. Helens and Mt. Rainier in USA

layers

► Cinder cones=smallest; steepest slopes ► Shield=largest ► volcanic eruption - Google Video volcanic eruption - Google Video volcanic eruption - Google Video ► HowStuffWorks Videos "Mt. Saint Helens' Powerful Erruption" HowStuffWorks Videos "Mt. Saint Helens' Powerful Erruption" HowStuffWorks Videos "Mt. Saint Helens' Powerful Erruption"

Mt. St. Helens

Tephra ► Fragments thrown in air from eruption ► Pyroclastic flows- clouds of ash, gas, and tephra down slope up to 150 mph. Temp can exceed 700 C.

Distribution of volcanoes is not random ► Found along plate boundaries (Ring of Fire), mid-ocean ridges ► Fig ► Some found at hot spots, where plumes of mantle (magma) rise up-ex. Hawaii ► Fig

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