Ch.3: Volcanoes and the Rock Cycle Lesson 3: The causes and prediction of Volcanic Eruptions.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch.3: Volcanoes and the Rock Cycle Lesson 3: The causes and prediction of Volcanic Eruptions

Active/Dormant Volcanoes

Hot Spots

Question #1 Pressure Non-explosive (shield or cinder-cones) (Magma comes from the upper mantle, which has a low to medium viscosity and low to medium gas.)

Question #2 Temperature Non-explosive (shield or cinder-cone) (Magma comes from deeper in the mantle and tends to have low viscosity.)

Question #3 Water Melting point (Subducting crust is oceanic, and so the rock is well hydrated with water, which is released as vapor during subduction.)

Question #4 Explosive (composite or cinder-cone) 80%

Question #5 Pacific Ring of Fire (Most coastlines along the Pacific are within subduction zones except for California.)

The Ring of Fire

Hot Spots

Question #6 15 % (most located in Iceland and Eastern Africa). 5 % (most form islands such as Hawaii, Easter isles, Galapogos, Canary, Tahiti, etc.) –Note: a single hot spot can form multiple islands as the plate moves over it. –Bill Nye volcano (3:28)Bill Nye volcano (3:28)

Question #7 Extinct Active Dormant (sleeping)

Question #8 Earthquakes Frequency and intensity

Question #9 Volcanic gases Sulfur dioxide (SO2) to Carbon dioxide (CO2). Increase

Question #10 Swell or bulge. Tiltmeter Tiltmeters bounce laser beams off reflectors positioned on the mountain that can measure a few milimeters of ground movement.

Question #11 Infrared temperature

Infrared Satellite image