 Art History By: Ashley Kim

Lesson Objectives  Students will determine their understanding of art history by collecting data from the four historical monuments: Parthenon, Stonehenge, Giza Pyramids, and Taj Mahal.  Students will determine their understanding of mathematics by analyzing different three-dimensional forms used in historical monuments.

Essential Question  What is art history?  A record of visual arts, incorporating information, interpretations, and judgments about art objects, artists, and conceptual influences on developments in visual arts.

Is this considered art history?

Explore historical monuments  Parthenon  Stonehenge  Taj Mahal  Giza Pyramid

Questions to consider…  What is the title of this monument? Who created it and why? Where was is created?  What are the dimensions to this monument?  What is the purpose or function of this monument? Does this monument serve the same function today?

Parthenon  Chief temple of Greek Goddess Athena (daughter of Zeus)  Was created by architects Ictinus and Callicrates  Began work in 447 BCE, and completed by 438  The exterior work was completed by 432 BCE  Located on the hill of Acropolis at Athens, Greece  Measures to be ft. (30.49 meters) wide & ft. (69.54 meters) long  In the 5 th century CE, the temple was transformed to a Christian Church

Stonehenge  Prehistoric stone circle monument  Cemetery  Locate on Salisbury Plain (8 miles from Wiltshire, England)  Made out of sersan stones and bluestones  Built in six stages between 3000 and 1520 BCE  Built when the Neolithic Period changed to the Bronze Age

Giza Pyramid  Pyramids were erected during BCE  Located near Al-Jizah (Giza) in northern Egypt  The three pyramids align with the kings they were built or- Khufu, Khafre, Menakaure  Great Pyramid was built for Khufu- Height feet with the length of each side of the base being feet  Middle Pyramid was built for Khafre – Height feet and 471 feet each side of the base  Last Pyramid was built fot Menkaure with is being 218 feet high and feet for each side of the base  Mastabas surround the three pyramids in which relatives and officials of kings were buried

Taj Mahal  Located in Agra, India  Mughal architecture (blend of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles)  Built by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan  Building began 1632  Finished by 1643  Total construction is 42- acres  Middle plinth is 23 feet high, four identical facades are 108 feet  Central dome is 243 feet at the tip  Symbolizes an Indian cultural symbol, and the importance of Muslim influence

What do all of these historical monuments have in common?  They are all made out of 3-Dimensional Forms!

What do you think architects use to build these monuments?

What is Surface Area?  The total area of the surface of a three dimensional object.

What are some 3-D forms we saw in the historical monuments?  Rectangular prisms  Triangular prisms  Spheres  Cylinders  Pyramids

Cube Surface Area= 6a 2

Rectangular Prism Surface Area =2(wh x lw x lh) h l w

Triangular Prism Surface Area = bh + 2ls+ lb s l h b s

Sphere Surface Area= 4π r 2

Pyramid Surface Area=2bs+b 2 b b

Cone Surface Area =πr√r 2 +rh

Cylinder Surface Area=2rπ 2 +2πrh

Now it is your turn!  Find the surface area of the Parthenon.

Solution  Triangular Prism  bh + 2ls+ lb  (13 ft)(5ft) + 2(21ft)(3ft) + (21ft)(13ft)=___ ft³  65 ft+ 126 ft+ 273 ft= 464 ft³  Rectangular Prism  2(wh x lw x lh)  2 (13ft) (11ft) x (21ft)(13ft) x (21ft) (11ft) =___ ft³  286ft x 273ft x 231 ft= 790 ft³  Add it all together  464 ft³ + 790ft³ = 1254ft³

Activity  You are the emperor or empress at your new kingdom.  1. Create a historical monument using the 3-D forms provided for you.  2. Transfer your historical monument onto the drawing paper.  3. Find the Surface Area in order to tell your architects how to build your monument!  4. Be sure to show all your work.