Two Nations NorthSouth Against slavery, but prejudice exists. Pro-slavery – viewed it as one big happy family. Believes the North is motivated by profit. Uncle Tom’s Cabin(1852) – Harriet Beecher Stowe Cannibals All!(1857) – George Fitzhugh

Two Nations NorthSouth Advanced in banking industry, transportation, trade, manufacturing. Primarily agricultural. Very slow to modernize. Large population(21.5 million) Smaller population(9 million)

The Coming of the Civil War The Compromise of 1850 Background – California applied for statehood as a free state. Equal balance between slaves states and free states is threatened.

The Coming of the Civil War The Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state. In territories won from Mexico, voters will decide slavery issue. Sale of enslaved people outlawed in Washington D.C. Fugitive Slave Act requires all citizens to help return escaped slaves.

The Coming of the Civil War The Compromise of 1850 The Effects – Compromise is only temporary. Neither Northerners or Southerners are satisfied.

The Coming of the Civil War Rise of New Parties – Decline of the Whigs Rise of the Know-Nothings (anti- immigration, nativists, anti-Catholic, anti- slavery, pro-Americanize) **Republicans – Anti-slavery, nativists, consisted of some Free Soilers, small business people, farmers, and craft workers.

The Coming of the Civil War Kansas-Nebraska Act – Proposed by Stephen Douglas. Looked to benefit from western development and had further political goals. Needed support from both Northern and Southern Democrats. Supported Popular Sovereignty – let the people in the territory decide on the issue of slavery. Seeking to repeal the Missouri Compromise.

The Coming of the Civil War “Bleeding Kansas” – Proslavery and antislavery groups poured into Kansas to win a majority of the votes to decide issue of slavery. Antislavery Free-Soilers set up communities. Proslavery – Capital at Lecompton Antislavery (John Brown) – Capital at Topeka Summer of violence in these areas.

The Coming of the Civil War “Bleeding Sumner”- Charles Sumner (antislavery speech) vs. Andrew Butler (proslavery). Preston Brooks (member of the House and nephew of Butler) attacked Sumner at his Senate desk.

The Coming of the Civil War The Election of 1856 – James Buchanan (Democrat) vs. John C. Fremont (Republican). Buchanan wins with strong support from the South. Dred Scott Decision – The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens, had no right to sue, and had no Due Process. In addition, Congress had no power to regulate or ban slavery.

The Coming of the Civil War John Brown’s Raid – Federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. Brown and supporters seized arms and gave them to enslaved people to promote a rebellion. John Brown was hanged for treason. Northerners hailed Brown as a martyr while Southerners believed he was a criminal.

The Coming of the Civil War The Election of 1860 – Lincoln (Republican), Breckenridge (S. Democrat), Bell (Constitutional Union Party), Douglas (Democrat). Border States and Lower South have two different candidates. Lincoln wins and the Lower South secedes to form the Confederate States of America and elects Jefferson Davis as President.

1860 Presidential Election Electoral Vote Data Presidential Candidate Political Party Popular VoteElectoral Vote Abraham Lincoln (B) Republican1,855, % % John Breckenridge (G) Southern Democrat851, %7223.8% John Bell (Y) Constitutional Union590, %3912.9% Stephen Douglas (R) Democratic1,381, %124.0%

The Coming of the Civil War Crittenden Compromise – Last minute compromise that would allow slavery in territories south of 36* 30*. Lincoln opposed the plan and the Senate rejected it.

The Coming of the Civil War The Attack on Fort Sumter – Federal troops occupied Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. Lincoln sent needed supplied to the Fort. The Confederates opened fire on the fort and captured it. Lincoln believes this is an act of rebellion and calls on volunteers to fight. The Upper South secedes from the Union.