Mass Movements aka Landslides Def: movement of sediment due to GRAVITY.

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Presentation transcript:

Mass Movements aka Landslides Def: movement of sediment due to GRAVITY.

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ROCKFALL

Rockfall- boulders

ROCKSLIDE

I-40 North Carolina Nov ► nJTi0 nJTi0 nJTi0

AVALANCHE ► Fast movement of snow ► Caused by a weak layer of snow underneath surface ► Usually in Spring ► m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY Avalanche Danger In Colorado At 30 Year High, Says Expert; 6 Fatalities So Far This Season

Snowbird, UT Nov ► ► Jamie Pierre, here performing an extreme jump, was killed while snowboarding near Gad Valley on Sunday.

Telluride

documents/accidents/US_avalanche_ fatalities_by_user_group_by_year_ XXX.pdf documents/accidents/US_avalanche_ fatalities_by_user_group_by_year_ XXX.pdf

Mudflow/Lahar ► Mudflow- clay mixed with water ► Usually in spring- snowmelt ► Lahar- volcanic ash mixed with water

Mudflow Java 2007

VYjE&feature=player_popout ► VMJiibdVYjE&vq=small#t=34 VMJiibdVYjE&vq=small#t=34 VMJiibdVYjE&vq=small#t=34

Lahar MT ST HELENS

SLUMP ► Saturation of water + loss of friction causes soil below surface layer to drop downhill. ► Surface stays intact

CREEP ► SLOW movement of soil ► Causes tilting of objects ► Usually soil ► Result of freeze/thaw

CREEP

Creep

SOLIFLUCTION ► IN ARTIC CLIMATES ► In spring when top layer melts, moves slowly over permafrost

ARE MASS MOVEMENTS WEATHERING OR EROSION?

Factors influencing Mass Movement ► 1. Amount of moisture  More adds weight and makes slippery ► 2. angle of slope ► 3. lack of vegetation  Roots hold back movement ► 4. rock type  Sedimentary worst ► 5. Roundness of particle  Rounder move faster

Mass movements ► Cost US $4 billion per year ► ?year=2009&month=Oct ?year=2009&month=Oct ?year=2009&month=Oct

Landslide Causes? ► wmfk wmfk wmfk

Laguna Beach 2005

Philippines Feb dead

Sleeping bear dunes 1995

Prevention methods ► Fences/walls  Temporary fix  Gravity will win eventually!

Prevention methods ► Leave enough space!

Prevention methods ► Leave enough space!

Prevention methods ► Plant vegetation ► Roots act as anchors

Prevention methods ► Provide good drainage- excellent way!

Prevention methods ► Provide good drainage