Transatlantic Slave Trade

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Transatlantic Slave Trade

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Presentation transcript:

Transatlantic Slave Trade

African Diaspora Definition: The forced removal of Africans from their homeland to serve as slave labor in the Americas

Why was Africa vulnerable to the Slave Trade? Political Fragmentation Sailing Routes Availability of People (high birth rate) Civilizations and Skills (metalworking, farming, herding) No diplomatic repercussions.

Countries Participating Britain Denmark France Holland Portugal Spain Norway

Geography of Slavery Enslaved Africans mostly came from the area stretching from the Senegal River in Africa to Angola. Europeans divided the area into five regions: Upper Guinea Coast Ivory Coast Lower Guinea Coast Gabon Angola

Middle Passage Origins of the Infamous Middle Passage The middle leg of a three part voyage. Began in Europe. Carried cargo of iron, cloth, brandy, firearms, gunpowder Landed on Africa’s Slave Coast exchanged cargo for Africans Sail to the Americas slaves exchanged for sugar, tobacco, molasses. Final brought the ship back to Europe. Raw goods turned into finished goods 3 1 2 Middle Passage

Middle Passage 1600 - 1850’s The Capture Approx. 60 forts built along the west coast of Africa. Walked in slave caravans to the forts. Selected and branded. 50% survived the death march. Place in cargo hold on ships.

Middle Passage Conditions on Board the Ship Slaves chained together and crammed into spaces sometimes less than five feet high. Slavers packed three of four hundred Africans into the ship cargo holds. Little ventilation, human waste, horrific odors. Unclean.

Middle Passage Journey lasted 2-3 months. Due to high mortality rate, cargo was insured (reimbursed for drowning accidents but not for deaths from disease of sickness) Common to dump your cargo for sickness or food shortages. Slave mutinies on board ships were common (1 out of every 10 voyages across the Atlantic experience a revolt). Covert resistance (attempted suicide, jumped overboard, refusal to eat).

Legacy of Slavery Agriculture Rice Sweet Potatoes Herding Basketry Working Style (cooperative labor) Planting (heel to toe) Food Spices (red pepper, sesame, cajun) Okra, black eyed peas Dishes Gumbo, jambalaya Ash and hot cakes Sweet potato pie Music Banjo Drum Blues/Jazz Call and response Spirituals Religion Call and response patterns Emotional services Multiple spirits and souls Voodoo Tales and Words Trickster takes (Anansi the Spider, Brer Rabbit, Bugs Bunny) Words like bogus, bug, phony, yam, tote, gumbo, tater, jamboree, jazz. Creole Language