The Awakening Use the next 10 minutes to read your text. Remember the quiz and seminar will cover Chapters Be sure to pick up a seminar rubric.

#38 Toulmin 10/23 British philosopher Stephen Toulmin: 1950’s Focused on the assumptions that back up and hold together parts of an effective argument Nothing is true all the time- expressed with qualifiers and rebuttals rather than asserted as absolutes. Probability over certainty.

#37 Toulmin 10/23 Claim Evidence Qualifier Warrant/ assumption BackingRebuttal

Toulmin practice Every student should read at least one hour daily, outside of school. Everyone wants to be smarter. Reading makes you smarter! This is important for students especially, particularly those in high school that want to go on to college. It may be less important for those learning a vocational trade. Claim: Evidence: Warrant: Backing: Qualifier: Rebuttal:

Toulmin practice Every student should read at least one hour daily, outside of school. Everyone wants to be smarter. Reading makes you smarter! This is important for students especially, particularly those in high school that want to go on to college. It may be less important for those learning a vocational trade. Claim: Every student should read at least one hour daily, outside of school Evidence: Reading makes you smarter! Warrant: Everyone wants to be smarter Backing: students desire being smarter so much they would prefer to spend their time doing whatever it takes to become smarter. Qualifier: This is important for students especially, particularly those in high school that want to go on to college Rebuttal: It may be less important for those learning a vocational trade.

Toulmin Practice Try to label these the parts of these arguments.

Evidence, Claim, Warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Rebuttal Because studies show that almost 80% of smokers can develop lung cancer, you should probably stop smoking, since stopping a bad habit can help reduce the occurrence of its bad consequences. Life expectancy is lengthened if habits harmful to one's health are stopped. Although it is not always the case that people who smoke will suffer from lung cancer, the risks are higher for those who smoke routinely.

Evidence, Claim, Warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Rebuttal Congress should ban animal research, because animals are tortured in experiments that have no necessary benefit for humans such as the testing of cosmetics. The well being of animals is more important than the profits of the cosmetics industry. Only congress has the authority to make such a law because the corporations can simply move from state to state to avoid legal penalties. Of course, this ban should not apply to medical research. A law to ban all research would go too far.

# 39 Toulmin Thesis Template 10/23 State your claim (your statement of position) Supply a reason (a “because” clause to support your claim, your evidence) Add a warrant (assumption of shared values or beliefs) Put these together in this order: ‐because-claim- since Example: Because such actions can be proactive, school administrators should consider random backpack searches, since student safety is of utmost importance.

American essayist and social critic H. L. Mencken (1880‐1956) wrote, “The average man does not want to be free. He simply wants to be safe.” In a well‐written essay, examine the extent to which Mencken’s observation applies to contemporary society, supporting your position with appropriate evidence. 1. Flip over the sheet. Write a thesis sentence for the prompt. Use the Toulmin template to create your sentence.

Back to “Putting Down the Gun” Analyze Walker’s argument using the Toulmin structure. Then flip it and analyze the argument made by her son.

Reminders: for Friday Vocab Homework/ Finish Walker Handout For Seminar: 3 GOOD questions, 1 quote & paragraph What’s on the Quiz? – All words still possible. – Types of evidence – Rogerian, Classical, Toulmin structure – “I Want a Wife” – “Women’s Brains” – “Mind Over Muscle” – “Putting Down the Gun” – Awakening through Chapter 14