Chelsea Centinaro and Maria Saldate Bro. Meeker MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

What are Millennial Development Goals for Developing Countries? They are the world’s time-bound and quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions. These include income poverty, lack of adequate shelter, education, hunger, environmental sustainability disease and exclusion while promoting gender equality.

First Millennial Goal: To Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger In the last 25 years, the number of people who have an income of one dollar a day, and who suffer from hunger, should have been cut in half.

Goal One, How are we doing? Suriname vs Guatemala Suriname Poverty GNI per capita 2013: US$: $9,370 GDP per capita average annual growth rate 2013: 2.9% The people of Suriname are living on about $48 per day. This means that Suriname has reached this goal of having more then half their population earning more then $1 a day. Hunger Use of improved drinking water sources: Increased to 92% Kilocalories per person per day: 200 Guatemala Poverty GNI per capita US$: 3,340 GDP per capita average annual growth rate 2013: 3.7% The people of Guatemala are living on about $20 per day. This means that Guatemala has reached this goal of having more then half their population earning more then $1 a day. Hunger Use of improved drinking water sources: I Increased to 89% Kilocalories per person per day: 230 COMPARISON: In looking at the statistics of both Suriname and Guatemala, though they both have reached the first millennial goal of citizens making more than $1 a day and are similar in HDI scores, Suriname surpasses Guatemala in over coming Poverty and Hunger as a whole. COMPARISON: In looking at the statistics of both Suriname and Guatemala, though they both have reached the first millennial goal of citizens making more than $1 a day and are similar in HDI scores, Suriname surpasses Guatemala in over coming Poverty and Hunger as a whole.

Second Millennial Goal: For individuals to achieve Universal Primary Education This goal ensures that, by 2015, children everywhere regardless of race, gender etc… will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

Goal Two, How are we doing? Suriname vs. Guatemala Suriname Enrollment Ratios: Primary: 80% as of 2013 Gross enrollment ratio % for Males: 97% Gross enrollment ratio % for Females: 98% Guatemala Enrollment Ratios: Primary: 89% as of 2014 Gross enrollment ratio % for Males: 95% Gross enrollment ratio % for Females:93% COMPARISON: Both countries have done an excellent job of maintaining an above average enrollment for both males and females well into secondary education school years.

Third Millennial Goal: To Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, by 2005 and in all levels of education by the year 2015.

Goal Three, How are we doing? Suriname vs Guatemala Suriname Enrollment ratios for secondary education: females as a % of males 129% Example of women being empowered in the country of Suriname is in the creation of Empowerment Sponsorship Programs that financially assist women looking to get an education to provide a better life for themselves and their families. Guatemala Enrollment ratios for secondary education: females as a % of males 92% Women in Guatemala are still looked down upon for seeking an education. The goal of women empowerment outside of the home has yet to be acquired. COMPARISON: Suriname is significantly more supportive of women being empowered and having the chance to get a better education and provide opportunities for women where Guatemala is the opposite. Women are looed down upon to have a education and should only be in the house doing house work and many times are abused for thinking such things and acting on them.

Fourth Millennial Goal: To Reduce Child Mortality The goal is to reduce the mortality rate of children under the age of 5years between the years of

Goal Four, How are we doing? Suriname vs Guatemala Suriname Under 5years mortality rate in the years of…. 1990: : 39.9% 2011: 26.2% Annual Rate of Reduction in Suriname is just over 1%. The mortality rate of children under the age of 5 in this country has been reduced by a third of it’s rate in Guatemala Under 5years mortality rate in the years of…. 1990: 78% 2000: 48.2% 2011: 27.9 Annual Rate of Reduction is approximately 2%. The mortality rate of children under the age of 5 years in Guatemala has been reduced by nearly two-thirds. CONCLUSION: Millennial Development Goal #4 has been met for both of these countries. Though Suriname was able to decrease their child mortality rate by a third, Guatemala has made larger strides is decreasing the rate of deaths in children under the age of 5 years old. Guatemala has decreased their mortality rate by nearly two- thirds.

Fifth Millennial Goal: To Improve Maternal Health The goal is to reduce the maternal mortality rate by three fourths between the years 1990 and 2015

Goal Five, How are we doing? Suriname vs. Guatemala Suriname Maternal Mortality Rate: 130 for every 100,000 women Births attended by skilled health staff: in the year 2012 was about 87% Guatemala Maternal Mortality Rate: 140 for every 100,000 women Births attended by skilled health staff: in the year 2012 was about 51% COMPARISON: Fortunately in overall percentage both countries have a maternal mortality rate of less than 1%. The millennial goal of the topic of maternal mortality rate was for the rate to decline by three fourths. This was not the case for either of these countries, but as they were both less than 3% in 1990 and are less then 1% now, both countries are doing quite well in this area.

Sixth Millennial Goal: To combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other Diseases The goal is that by 2015 science will have halted and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other fatal diseases.

Goal Six, How are we doing? Suriname vs. Guatemala Suriname % of people of all ages living with HIV Male 3% Female 3% Malaria Present malaria cases in Suriname occur predominantly in migrants and people living and or working in gold mining areas. Guatemala % of people of all ages living with HIV Male 3% Female 3% Malaria By 2010 rate of people affected by malaria have dropped 95% COMPARISON: Both Suriname and Guatemala have and are doing quite well on having low rations of disease in their country. HIV’s are low compared to other countries and malaria has dropped each year and will be better and better. Although malaria is something hard to prevent from those that are in mining areas in Surname. Over all Guatemala is up on the malaria scale and the same with Surname in HIV’s.

Seventh Millennial Goal: To ensure Environmental Stability The goal is to integrate principles of sustainable development into developing countries policies and programs in hopes of reversing the loss of environmental resources. The goal is to cut in half the number of people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Seventh Millennial Goal: To ensure Environmental Sustainability

Goal Seven, How are we doing? Suriname vs. Guatemala Suriname Decline of Agricultural Methane Emissions: Not a current issue Access to Electricity: 100% Use of improved Sanitation Facilities: 80% Guatemala Decline of Agricultural Methane Emissions: 52.2% Access to Electricity: 81% Use of improved Sanitation Facilities: 80% COMPARISON: Suriname and Guatemala have exceeded the millennial goal of ensuring environmental stability in both of their lands. Suriname has eliminated the issue of methane emissions affecting it’s people and providing access to all of it’s citizens. Both countries are in the same area in the department of improved sanitation facilities. While Suriname does have the challenge of maintaining their level of stability, Guatemala could continue to improve.

Eighth Millennial Goal: To develop a global partnership for Development This goal is to further develop an open, predictable, rule based, nondiscriminatory trading and financial system. This is to include a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction nationally and internationally. This will hopefully address the special requirements of the least developed countries in need. It would deal comprehensively with the debt of these developing countries through nation and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term.

Goal Eight, How are we doing? Suriname vs Guatemala Suriname In 2014, The World Bank, Board of Executive Directors discussed today a new Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) in Suriname for The new strategy proposes a lending program of about US $60 million to support Suriname’s efforts in leveraging and sustaining its economic growth through greater social inclusiveness and economic diversification. In return, Suriname will provide resources and land for US Military to use. Guatemala Guatemala helps in cooperating to combat money laundering, corruption, narcotics trafficking, alien-smuggling, trafficking in persons (TIP), and other transnational crime, including through programs funded under the Central America Regional Security Initiative; and Supporting Central American integration through support for resolution of border/territorial disputes. U.S. assistance focuses on improving citizen security and justice, increasing levels of economic growth and social development in

Conclusion The Millennium Development Goals in both Suriname and Guatemala are not perfect but they are improving in living circumstances. Statistics in health and education are improving more in Suriname then Guatemala, but they are higher and lower in many of the different goals that are presented. Suriname is wealthier then Guatemala, but not by much, they have more of a income compared to Guatemala and many of the problems that occur in Guatemala are not occurring in Suriname. Therefore Suriname is doing much better then Guatemala in many of the Millennium Development goals. But receive help from the states but are working on furthering helping themselves with their economy and education so that their own people in their countries can help sustain life in their countries economy and education. The more educated people, the better they will be to help themselves and require less assistance from others.

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