States of Matter Solids, Liquids, and Gases The Gas Laws Phase Changes

Mixtures Solutions Substances dissolved in a homogeneous mixture.

Mixtures Suspensions a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time.

Mixtures Colloids contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension. Do not separate into layers

States of Matter Solids Definite Shape and Definite Volume Very little Kinetic movement between atoms

States of Matter Liquids Definite volume, but no definite shape (takes shape of container) some kinetic movement of atoms

States of Matter Gases No definite volume and no definite shape Lots of kinetic movement

The Gas Laws Pressure the result of a force distributed over an area. Collisions between particles of a gas and the walls of the container cause the pressure in a closed container of gas.

The Gas Laws Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure partial pressure of a gas - the pressure a gas would exert if it were alone in the container. The sum of the partial pressures is equal to the total pressure of the container. P total = P 1 +P 2 +P 3

Gas Laws Factors that affect Gas Pressure Temperature (In Kelvin) Volume Number of particles

Charles’s Law The volume of a gas is Directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvins V 1 =V 2 T 1 T 2

Boyle’s Law The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. P 1 V 2 =P 1 V 2

Combined Gas Law Describes the relationship between temperature, volume and pressure of a gas. P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2 T 1 T 2

Phase Changes A phase change is the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

Phase Changes There are 6 common phase changes Melting-From solid to liquid Freezing-From liquid to solid Vaporization-From liquid to gas Condensation-From gas to liquid Sublimation-From solid to gas Deposition-From gas to solid

Phase Change during heating The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change.

Cooling curve

Phase Changes Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change Endothermic- system absorbs energy Exothermic- system loses energy to the surroundings.