The Nature of Ecology. How to make a food web. 1.Start with one producer on BOTTOM and draw arrows up to the things that eat them (their predators). (**

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ecology Review Questions
Advertisements

Principles of Ecology You will describe ecology and the work of ecologists. You will identify important aspects of an organism’s environment You will trace.
Ecology.
Sample Ecology Review Questions
Ecology Review Questions
Interdependence.
Ecology Chapter 3.
First nine weeks!!!. 1  Study of organisms and the interactions between them and non living things.  Ecology  environment  biology  habitat.
Ecosystem Model.
What is the biosphere and how is it organized?
Principles of Ecology.
Final Exam Review Unit 3- Ecology. Environment Every living and nonliving thing that surrounds an organism.
Principles of Ecology Objectives: 1. Explain the difference between abiotic and biotic factors. 2. Describe the levels of biological organization 3.
Eco Eco IITrophs or  Climate.
The interaction of organisms with the environment.
ECOLOGY Chapter 4. Ecology Ecology is the study of the interactions between living things and their environment.
Movement of Energy Through an Ecosystem: Producers and Consumers PRODUCERS (autotrophs) –plants, bacteria and algae are the first to capture the energy.
Video Clips 1-4 United Streaming
BIG Ecology Test Tomorrow
4-2: What Shapes an Ecosystem? Biology 1. Ecology tell you where an organism lives Ecology also tells you about the climate What shapes the ecosystem.
Chapters 3-5 Biology – Miller • Levine
Chapters 3-5 Biology – Miller • Levine
BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 VOCAB ONLY
Ecology. WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments. *Focus is on energy transfer *Ecology.
ECOLOGY The Study of the Interaction of organisms with their environment.
ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS REVIEW. 1. TYPE OF CAMOUFLAGE WHERE HALF THE BODY BLENDS IN WITH ONE PART OF THE ENVIRONMENT WHILE THE OTHER BLENDS IN WITH A.
Principles of Ecology.
Community Ecology Interactions of a community: interactions that affect survival and drive evolution – Competition - negative effect on both species –
Ecosystem Model.
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships. Ecology - study of the interactions between living things and their surroundings.
Community Interactions Remember…it’s the INTERACTIONS that are important in ecology!
ECOLOGY A FEW TERMS. BIOTIC FACTORS The things that are living, or that came from living things EXAMPLES: Plants Animals Bacteria Fungus (mushrooms, yeasts)
Ecology. WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer Ecology.
What makes something alive? It is made up of at least one cell It uses homeostasis to maintain a balance in its body (temperature, heart beat/pressure)
The Ecosystem: Interrelationships between organisms and the environment 1. Should we care about the survival of organisms other than human beings? 2. Can.
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Ecology Revisited.
Essentials of Biology Sylvia S. Mader Chapter 31 Lecture Outline Prepared by: Dr. Stephen Ebbs Southern Illinois University Carbondale Copyright © The.
Ecology Notes. Keystone Species: Major Players Keystone species help determine the types and numbers of other species in a community thereby helping to.
Association Between People and the Natural World All resources for human survival come from the natural world. What if society fails to care for and sustain.
Ecology Chapter 2. What is Ecology? Ecology is the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. Ex. Bird on a tree limb.
Ecology An introduction…. Question Are organisms, including humans, “islands”. Why or why not? Support your answer.
AG-WL-3. What’s the difference? What do the pliers look like? How do the pliers work? Which pliers would you want to use in a given situation? What’s.
Ecology Monday March 27, Website to help you study biology term
Structure of an Ecosystem. Ecosystems a community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment they inhabit.
Ecosystems: Components, Energy Flow, and Matter Cycling The Earth as a System Ecosystems Food Webs and Energy Flow Productivity in Ecosystems Cycling of.
What is Ecology? Mrs. Sandy Gomez. What is Ecology?  The scientific study of:  Interactions among organisms  Interactions between organisms and their.
Ecology and Energy Flow. Vocabulary  Ecology: the study of the interactions among organisms and their environments  between biotic (living) and abiotic.
ECOLOGY!. What is Ecology? - study of the interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. Some Vocabulary Review!
GPS Standard: SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystem a. Investigate.
The Web of Life: Interactions among living organisms Populations Interactions in Communities.
Ecology Study of interactions between organisms and their environments.
Biotic - living organisms of an ecosystem (bio- = life) – Plants – Animals – Fungi – Insects – …etc. Abiotic - nonliving components of an ecosystem (a-
Advanced Biology. Ecology – the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their.
Ecology. WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer Ecology.
The Biosphere Chapter 3. What is Ecology? Ecology The study of the interactions among organisms and between organisms their environment.
Ecology. What is ecology? The study of interactions between organisms and their environment Remember: Cell  Tissue  Organ  Organ System  Organism.
Aim: What Shapes an Ecosystem? Hw: Answer Regents Questions on Handout.
Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work? G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 4 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment.
What is Ecology? – study of interactions between creatures & their environment, because… Everything is connected to everything else.
The Biosphere Chapter 3.
Ecology.
Principles of Ecology See New Kent PPT for SOL questions and string food web activity.
What Shapes an Ecosystem?
What is Ecology?.
Ecology The study of interactions between organisms and their environment .
Systems A system is a collection of related parts that interact in some organized way. Materials, energy and information that enter the system from outside.
Systems A system is a collection of related parts that interact in some organized way. Materials, energy and information that enter the system from outside.
Principles of Ecology.
Presentation transcript:

The Nature of Ecology

How to make a food web. 1.Start with one producer on BOTTOM and draw arrows up to the things that eat them (their predators). (** Hint: a producer is something that photosynthesizes, it gets its energy from the sun.) 2. Fill in all the predators that eat that producer (these are primary consumers). 3. If there are other things those predators eat fill in those organisms (one at a time). These are other producers, other primary consumers or even sometimes secondary consumers. 4. Continue filling in each organism’s predators and prey placed at the correct trophic level (with arrows going from prey to predator). 5. Primary consumers eat producers. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers. (some organisms will be at more than one level). If the hawk ate grass and rabbits, it would be both a primary and a secondary consumer and have arrows from both rabbit and grass. Eagle tertiary consumer Snake Hawk secondary consumer Rabbit primary consumer grass producer

The Nature of Ecology Ecology- the study of how organisms interact with their environment Organisms- any life form Species- groups of organisms that share similar DNA; look similar, have similar behavior, can produce viable offspring.

Populations Population- all of the organisms within a species that interact in a specific area and at a specific time

Communities, Ecosystems & The Biosphere Habitat- the place where a population or organism lives Community- all of the organisms that occupy a specific area; also called biological community Ecosystem- a community of different species and their interaction with each other and abiotic factors in environment

Ecosystem Concepts and Components Biomes-areas with a consistent climate and with similar organisms Aquatic life zones- marine and freshwater portions of the biosphere Fig. 4-9 p. 70

Community Structure and Species Diversity Fig. 8-2 p. 144

Biodiversity dependent on latitude Fig. 8-3 p. 145

Ecosystem Boundaries: Ecotones Ecotone- transitional zones between ecosystems where there are a mixture of species not found together in adjacent ecosystems Fig p. 71

Principles of Ecological Factors Abiotic Factors- all of the nonliving parts in an ecosystem Biotic Factors-all of the living factors in an ecosystem Range of Tolerance- any variation in the physical or chemical environment that an organism can withstand before it is killed/harmed

Regulating Population Growth Limiting Factors- a distinguishing chemical or physical factor that regulates the population growth of a species; more specific than any other factor Niche- an organisms functional role within an ecosystem; everything that affects the survival and reproduction

Figure 4-13 Page 73 Terrestrial Ecosystems Aquatic Life Zones Sunlight Temperature Precipitation Wind Latitude Altitude Fire frequency Soil Light penetration Water currents Dissolved nutrient concentrations (especially N and P) Suspended solids Salinity Abiotic Factors That Impact Populations

The Biotic Components of Ecosystems Fig p. 75 Producers (autotrophs) Consumers (heterotrophs) Decomposers

Fig p. 77; Refer to Fig p. 78 Food Chains

Food Webs

Only 10% of the energy producers make gets transferred to the primary consumer. The secondary consumer only gets 1%. The tertiary level gets 0.1%.

Native (indigenous) - naturally evolved to live in the area Western Red Cedar, Douglas Fir, Milkvetch, black squirrel Native (indigenous) - naturally evolved to live in the area Western Red Cedar, Douglas Fir, Milkvetch, black squirrel Native Species Species naturally evolved to live in the area. Ex. douglas fir, western red cedar, milkvetch, black squirrel

Non-native (invasive species) Species introduced by humans, by mistake or intentionally. Also called exotic species.

Kudzu - aka: foot a night vine, mile a minute vine, or the vine that ate the south!  Ironically introduced for soil conservation purposes!  $500 million per year in lost crops and control costs

Special Roles of Some Species Removal of keystone species will cause collapse of ecosystem

Special Roles of Some Species Keystone Species Pollinators Top Predators

Special Role of Some Species Indicator species - ecosystem smoke alarms - abundance of population indicator of overall health and viability of ecosystem

Species Interactions: Competition Interspecific competition- competition between two or more species As a result of competition, the two species evolve to gain separate, more specialized niches (co- evolution)

Species Interactions Mutualism - benefits both species Ex. pollination Commensalism - benefits one species, but has little effect on the other Ex. Fern living in the shade of a tree

Species Interactions: Parasitism Parasite - living on or in another species (host) Important ecological role of parasites- increase biodiversity by keeping species that may eliminate other species in check