The Anti-Social in Us All Michael Mitchell, LCSW Clinical Director 1Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
The Pro-Social Process 2Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
Pro-social Behavior Definition: “Voluntary actions that are intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals” (N Eisenberg, 1989) Moral development: Piaget, Kohlberg, Hoffman Stage developed – Maturing from Self-focus to Other-focused Innate and learned factors – Internal characteristics – External inputs 3Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
sustenance love nurturance reciprocity 4Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
Pro-social Culture 5Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
The “Pro-Social Club” “take care of your own needs, but remember: do unto others as you would have them do unto you” 6Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
Social capital Obligations Expectations Trustworthiness 7Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
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Anti-social process Pro-social Anti-social 9Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
sustenance shelter belonging individuality 10Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
Child Family Community 11Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
“It’s all about me” 12Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
Predictive Variables Laub and Sampson – “Crime in the Making” (1993) – 500 delinquent/500 non-delinquent boys from Boston neighborhoods Laub and Sampson – “Crime in the Making” (1993) – 500 delinquent/500 non-delinquent boys from Boston neighborhoods child volatile temperament poor social skills family abuse and deprivation school failure and community impoverishment child volatile temperament poor social skills family abuse and deprivation school failure and community impoverishment 13Treatment Criminogenic Risk, 2009
14Treatment Criminogenic Risk, Need Invalidation Narcissistic Wounding EntitlementEntitlement InadequacyInadequacy Pro-social Disengagement Neutralizations Anti-social entrenchment Entrenched Anti-social Self “If you can’t join ‘em, beat ‘em”
Treatment Criminogenic Risk, Pro-social emotions Guilt Shame Neutralizations Don’t worry, be happy
Treatment Criminogenic Risk, What are Neutralizations? Pro-social forces Anti-social behavior/attitudes
Treatment Criminogenic Risk, Techniques of Neutralization Sykes and Matza (1957) Neutralization Neutralization are methods of rationalizing anti- social behavior in order to reduce pro-social distress Techniques Denial of responsibility ("I didn't mean it") Denial of injury ("I didn't really hurt anybody") Denial of the victim ("they had it coming to them") Condemnation of the condemners ("everybody's picking on me") Appeal to higher loyalties ("I didn't do it for myself").
Treatment Criminogenic Risk, The Replacement Culture Pro-social culture Gang Cult Peer Group Distorted code of compliance