Memory Retrieval: Getting Information Out

Retrieval Retrieval is: Recall Recognition Speedy relearning All three are evidence that something has been learned

Retrieval Retrieval Cues Priming A quick association that leads to recall of a memory Context Effects Similar location and conditions might help to trigger a memory Moods Some information is more easily recalled when you are in a similar mood as when the information was processed

Forgetting The Seven Sins of Memory Three sins of forgetting Absent-mindedness – inattention to details produces encoding failure Transience – storage decay over time Blocking – inaccessibility of stored information

Forgetting Three sins of distortion Misattribution – confusions the source of information Suggestibility – the lingering effects of misinformation Bias – belief-colored recollections One sin of intrusion Persistence – unwanted memories

Forgetting Encoding Failure Information is never entered into our long term memory Can you spot the real penny?

Forgetting Storage Decay Previously learned information is sometimes lost A gradual fading of the physical memory trace

Forgetting Retrieval Failure Interference Proactive interference – something you learned earlier disrupts recall of something you experience later Retroactive interference – something you learned recently disrupts your recall of something you previously learned

Forgetting Motivated Forgetting Repression – the banishing from consciousness anxiety- arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories