MEMORY Explanations for Forgetting. Interference  An explanation for forgetting in terms of one memory disrupting the ability to recall another  This.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Forgetting. The loss of information or the inability to access previously encoded information within memory Can be seen as beneficial as it gets rid of.

Advertisements

Forgetting in LTM Availability vs accessibility Interference Suggests that information forgotten from LTM has disappeared completely Suggests that information.

EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION IN MODULES David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, © 2011.

When Memory Fails: Why we Forget. Memory: The persistence of learning over time. Encoding Storage Retrieval.

THEORIES OF FORGETTING:. NONSENSE WORDS – SEE HOW MANY YOU RECALL IMMEDIATELY, THEN IN 20 MINUTES  1. BIC  2. RAK  3. KIB  4. DOS  5. FOK  6. BAS.

Essay Writing in Psychology The 18 mark question R.Pernettapsychlotron.org.uk.

Trace Decay Trace decay

Forgetting Memory.

Forgetting. Take out a blank piece of paper Look at the pictures on the next slide and study them for 2 minutes. Don’t write them down anywhere, try to.

Forgetting Memory Construction and Memory Improvement.

Learning Objectives ALL will apply knowledge to past exam questions MOST will apply knowledge to past exam questions and analyse their performance to focus.

*2 Essay questions **Understanding how the tests are graded should provide you insight as to how to use your writing time best. Step 1 – figure out how.

Chapter 7 “___________ is the KEY for MEMORY” Qz. #4 pages System that allows for retention of what is learned.

Inability to retrieve information previously stored in LTM

Why we forget The 7 causes of memory failure. The importance of forgetting  At this point in the unit, you know the three types, processes, and stages.

Retrieval. Memory is Synaptic Change  New memories = physiological changes in the brain making networks easier to fire by adjusting the dendrite/neurotransmitters.

Memory: Retention and Retrieval Thomas G. Bowers, Ph.D

Forgetting Chapter 8, Lecture 5 “A good memory is helpful, but so is the ability to forget. If a memory-enhancing pill becomes available, it had better.

General Psychology (PY110)

Remembering and forgetting revision Free recall – explanations of forgetting Recognition – explanations of forgetting studies AO2 prompts Mark h/w Past.

Memory Features Serial Position Effect Primacy Effect: Better recall, or improvement in retention, of information presented at the beginning of a task.

Memory and Forgetting *Memory: “The ability to recall information. -It is very closely related to learning. -The retention of acquired information. - If.

Forgetting The inability to recall or recognise something that was previously learned In short-term memory Decay Decay Displacement Displacement In long-term.

Forgetting/Memory Related to Education

Forgetting and Interference in Short-term memory Brown-Peterson Task Proactive Interference (PI) Release from PI Retrieval of info from STM Sternberg (1966)

University of Leicester Year 1 Psychology Learning and Memory Professor Graham Davies Lecture 5 Copies of Overheads Approaches to Forgetting.

MEMORY By Shirmeen Ijaz. What is memory? According to Feldman, “The capacity to record, retain and retrieve information”

Duration – STM & LTM Clearly, LTM can store information for a much longer time than LTM Some researchers have tried to measure their durations exactly:

FORGETTING. Problems with Retrieval (Forgetting)  Availability of memory refers to whether the material is actually there to be retrieved  Accessibility.

Forgetting: the loss of information over time. People tend to remember better soon after learning it than after a long delay—over time we begin to forget.

MEMORY PROF ELHAM Aljammas May 2015 L16 © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Huffman: PSYCHOLOGY IN ACTION, 6E.

Retrieval and Forgetting AP Psychology. Forgetting An inability to retrieve information due to poor encoding, storage, or retrieval. Biological Reasons.

Memory Retrieval: Getting Information Out. Retrieval Retrieval is: Recall Recognition Speedy relearning All three are evidence that something has been.

MEMORY Explanations for Forgetting. TASK  Read the AO1 information on Retrieval Failure (p25&26)  Turn this information into pictures to represent what.

Trace Decay Trace decay The theory suggests that learning causes a physical change in the neural network of the memory system, creating a memory trace.

REMEMBERING & FORGETTING

How Do We Retrieve Memories? Whether memories are implicit or explicit, successful retrieval depends on how they were encoded and how they are cued.

Forgetting, Memory Construction and Memory Improvement.

Interference theory. Interference theory of forgetting There are 2 types of interference theory which are :- 1.The effect of interference in the short.

Getting you thinking: Take out your Interference Theory Evaluation Sheet and compare your notes to those of your neighbour. Also be ready to hand in your.

Options in Applied Psychology G543 Generic exam advice.

AREA OF STUDY 2 MEMORY UNIT 3 THE CONSCIOUS SELF.

COGNITION PowerPoint 3: Forgetting. What is forgetting?  Forgetting refers to the inability to retrieve information that has previously been stored in.

The Persistence of Memory

PSY.Forgetting.

Explanations of forgetting

Forgetting Unit 7A – Part 2.

Theories of forgetting

Retrieval and Forgetting

On your whiteboards - RECAP

Proactive or retroactive interference?

Chapter 10 Memory.

Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology

Please sit where your name is

Sports Psychology.

FORGETTING & MEMORY CONSTRUCTION

Retrieval Failure Theory of Forgetting

Forgetting Sarah Marshal

Unit 7 Cognition.

Forgetting The inability to recall or recognise something that was previously learned In short-term memory Decay Displacement In long-term memory Interference.

Trace Decay Trace decay

Forgetting, Memory Construction and Memory Improvement

Forgetting & Memory Construction

Fully explain your evaluation points (PEE)

TYPES OF MEMORY – Research Support

Introductory Topics in Psychology: Paper 1

Learning Objectives To be able to answer short answer questions on ‘remembering and forgetting’ Well Done for giving up part of your holidays to come in.

Presentation transcript:

MEMORY Explanations for Forgetting

Interference  An explanation for forgetting in terms of one memory disrupting the ability to recall another  This is most likely to occur when the two memories have some similarities  There are two memories competing

Two types of interference  Retroactive Interference (RI)  Retro meaning backwards  This is when a new memory or learning interferes (backwards) with an old memory  E.g. you’ve just learnt names of researchers in this topic of memory and so these names are interfering with the names learnt in the first topic of Approaches

 Proactive Interference (PI)  Pro meaning forward  This is when old memories interfere (forwards) with new memories  E.g. learning to drive in a car where the indicators are on the right and wipers on left  Get a new car where the indicators are on the left, but you keep forgetting and put the wipers on

Evaluation of Interference Theory  A strength is that there is much research to support the existence of both pro and retroactive interference. For example, in a word pair memory task, Underwood (1957) found that information learnt second interfered with information learnt first and vice versa.  This suggests that the theory is a valid explanation of forgetting.

Evaluation of Interference Theory  However, much of this research is lab-based and uses artificial material such as word lists. Therefore, these findings may not relate to everyday memory where information is meaningful and we are also motivated to remember things.  Therefore, the research into interference theory tends to lack ecological validity.

 However, there is ecologically valid evidence of interference theory. For example, Baddeley and Hitch tested rugby players on the names of the teams they had played against during a season. It was found that players who had played more games showed more forgetting than players who had played less due to injury.  This supports interference theory as if the forgetting was due to decay (fading over time) you would expect both groups of pts to forget a similar proportion of games to each other as the time period was the same.

 An advantage of research into interference theory is that it has practical applications.  For example, research shows that exposure to adverts from competing brands within a short-time period can lead to interference. This has serious implications for companies as it suggests that costly advertising could be ineffective.  Challenge: How could this be avoided?

 It can be argued that retrieval failure (next explanation) is better than interference theory. A study by Tulving and Pstoka (1971) supports this idea as they found…………………………..  Consequently, interference explanations of forgetting may not be correct