Human, Animal, or Infrastructure? Identifying Sources of of Urban-Derived Bacteria to Aquatic Environments Jenny C. Fisher, Deborah K. Dila, Sandra L.

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Presentation transcript:

Human, Animal, or Infrastructure? Identifying Sources of of Urban-Derived Bacteria to Aquatic Environments Jenny C. Fisher, Deborah K. Dila, Sandra L. McLellan University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 19, 2015

Identifying Sources of Fecal Pollution

HUMANPIPEANIMAL

Water Quality Monitoring Goal: human health risk reduction FIB: easy to monitor but low correlation with pathogens qPCR: targets one or more known sources  Cannot resolve complex sources

Outfall Monitoring Project

Additional Pollution Sources

Resolving Fecal Sources Confirm human fecal Identify known animal sources Determine presence of “ urban wildlife ” Calculate contributions graphic: M. Larenas, Source Molecular Source Molecular Image source: sourcemolecular.com

Sequence Sites Clean Human/Sewage Unknown

Microbial Fingerprints of Fecal Communities SEWAGEANIMALS JC Fisher et al. (in review) AEM

Minimum Entropy Decomposition Clustering method for NGS amplicon sequences Produces taxonomically homogeneous OTUs Resolves ecotypes with ≥1 nt sequence difference AM Eren et al. (2014) ISME

Community Analysis Lachnospiraceae

SEWAGESTORM WATER KNOWN ANIMAL SOURCE ++ - Infrastructure +++- Human - ++/ - Known animal(s) - + “Urban wildlife” +/- Non-specific Determining Sources

Source Distribution

Source Distributions “Urban Wildlife” consistently found Dominant source of animal pollution Chronic sewage contamination from trace to high levels Large fraction cannot be determined Further resolution with other fecal groups needed

Presence in Rivers Kinnickinnic Milwaukee Menomonee

Presence in MKE Harbor GAPJUNCTION

Presence in MKE Harbor CSO GAPJUNCTION

Conclusions  Sequencing improves identification of complex fecal pollution sources  Urban wildlife is a major source of fecal pollution in Milwaukee stormwater, rivers, and harbor  Significant human sources should be prioritized for remediation  Future work will correlate source contributions to FIB to better determine human health risk

Acknowledgments FUNDING: National Institutes of Health Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District COLLABORATORS: Melinda Bootsma, Danielle Cloutier, Hayley Templar, Chelsea Corson, Shuchen Feng, Ryan Bartleme, Katie Halmo (UWM) Milwaukee Riverkeeper & MMSD Murat Eren, Hilary Morrison, Mitch Sogin (MBL)

Acknowledgments FUNDING: National Institutes of Health Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District COLLABORATORS: Melinda Bootsma, Danielle Cloutier, Hayley Templar, Chelsea Corson, Shuchen Feng, Ryan Bartleme, Katie Halmo (UWM) Milwaukee Riverkeeper & MMSD Murat Eren, Hilary Morrison, Mitch Sogin (MBL)