Industrial Revolution

Major Causes Beginning in the 1700’s, large landowners dramatically improved farming methods Agricultural changes  agricultural revolution Agricultural revolution  industrial revolution

Major Effects Technological advancements Urbanization Transportation (steam, water, railroad) New social class structure (lower, lower middle, upper middle, upper)

17 th and 18 th century European scientific advancements that led to the Industrial Revolution Scientific revolution  scientific advancements…and people started developing new methods to do old jobs (technological advancements) ◦ Machines could weave textiles, farm, etc.

Effects of free enterprise in the Industrial Revolution Development of a social class that is based on wealth (not inheritance or land ownership) Leads to reactionary economic theories (Socialism and Communism)

Locate places of historical significance London- First city to industrialize ◦ Other cities followed

Important Changes in human life caused by the Industrial Revolution Human migration (rural  urban) Poor living conditions (no sanitary codes, overcrowding in cities) Working conditions (dangerous, long hours, coal mines) Class tensions (between business owners and factory workers)

Role of economics in driving political changes in the Industrial Revolution Class tensions between the “haves” and the “have nots” ◦ Rise of labor unions and workers rights

People participating in supporting or changing their governments Labor Unions ◦ Fought for workers’ rights ◦ Tools- collective bargaining, strikes ◦ Goals- raising wages, improving working conditions ◦ Limited work hours in a day, child labor laws (in factories and coal mines)

Textile manufacturing and steam technology in initiating the Industrial Revolution and the role of the factory system and transportation technology in advancing the Industrial Revolution Textile manufacturing and factory system- machines increased productivity, more items to trade Steam technology- trans-Atlantic travel became more efficient Railroads- booming industry, cross- country travel

Contributions of significant scientists and inventors Marie Curie ◦ Radioactivity- combining radium and polonium

Contributions of significant scientists and inventors Thomas Edison ◦ Light bulb, phonograph

Contributions of significant scientists and inventors Albert Einstein ◦ Theory of Relativity

Contributions of significant scientists and inventors Louis Pasteur ◦ Pasteurization- a method of killing bacteria

Contributions of significant scientists and inventors James Watt ◦ Steam Engine