Third Agricultural Revolution

Third Agriculture Revolution Possible solutions for Food Supply and Population Growth and Food Security Expand Productivity Green Revolution GMO’s Expand aquaculture Expand Agricultural Land Increase Exports from Countries with surpluses Decrease Food Waste

Third Agricultural Revolution Increase Productivity Green Revolution 1930s Increase yields New fertilizers Genetically modified seeds (biotechnology) “Miracle Seed” Wheat – short, stiff stalk& resistant to variation in day length, more beneficial to fertilizer, ready for harvest sooner Rice – Indonesia rice with Taiwan dwarf rice

Increasing Productivity Green Revolution Better pesticides, fertilizers, insecticides Improved farming machinery. By continuing to improve technologically (especially with GMOs), we can increase food supplies for the foreseeable future. Problems Hybrid seed, fertilizers, pesticides, farm machinery, etc. are expensive, and may be impossible for poor farmers to afford. Genetically modified crops are controversial, and may be unacceptable.

Biotechnology All technological improvements on biological systems to either make or enhance specific agricultural goods or food products. Sometimes called Genetic Engineering Lead to Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Plants or animals whose DNA has been genetically modified, often through combination of DNA from a similar plant or animal species.

GMOs: Contentious Issue

Pro Se Court Definition: Representing one’s self in court rather than representation by a lawyer.

Pro Se Court 1) Read background article 2) Bill Nye video Assign roles (petitioner, respondent, judge) 15 minutes - individual reading and analysis 20 minutes – collaborate to make your case 11 minutes – pro se court in session 10 minutes – reflection and classroom application discussion Petitioner states case. Respondent states case. Judges ask questions. Petitioner offers rebuttal/closing. Respondent offers rebuttal/closing. Judges individually deliberate. Verdict shared. Reflection. 90s 30s 4m 5m

Third Agricultural Revolution: Green Revolution Positives Negatives Increased food production Increased available food supply Saved millions of lives Too expensive Fertilizers, machinery devastated the land Companies pushed for commercial over subsistence Maladaptive Diffusion Not all ideas are suitable for all places Example: India Economic effects?

Green Revolution 1940s - Mexico 1960s - India Maize (Corn) first domesticated in Central Mexico Needed to import to meet demand By 1960, no longer importing corn New “miracle” seeds appeared 1970 production doubled from 1950 Lack of diversity almost immediately Green Revolution in India Reading for homework

Third Agricultural Revolution: Fishing & Aquaculture (Intensive… Third Agricultural Revolution: Fishing & Aquaculture (Intensive…..unless) Globally, fish supply just 6% of the protein people consume – but in East Asia it’s over 25%. The world’s oceans are divided into 18 major fishing regions. Most – especially in the North Atlantic, and East China Sea – have been badly overfished. As a result, aquaculture – “fish farming” – has become very important. https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_barber_how_i_fell_in_love_wi th_a_fish?language=en

Third Agricultural Revolution: Increase exports from countries with surpluses Food Waste https://www.ted.com/talks/tristram_stuart_the_global_food_waste_scandal?language=en

Globalization of Agriculture Green Rev Negative Effects due to globalization of Ag Maladaptive Diffusion Multinational corporations dictating crop production Globalization of Ag not all bad Improvement of transportation & communication Establishment of Agribusiness

Agribusiness Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. Expansion of Ag into secondary, tertiary, & quaternary levels Primary: Food extraction Secondary: Food production Tertiary: Marketing & distribution Quaternary: Ag Research In MDCs, agribusiness has utilized some of the benefits of the Green Revolution to expand agriculture New, more potent fertilizers & machinery More land devoted to ag (but few people) GMOs Two specific byproducts of Agribusiness that affect the U.S. Feedlots Luxury Crops

Feedlots A plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market. Agribusiness gave rise to CAFOs Concentrated(or Contained or Confined) Animal Feed Operations Limited mobility Hormones, antibiotics, fattening grains to prepare animals for slaughter faster Effects Antibiotic resistance Bacterial outbreaks (E. coli, salmonella, mad cow disease) Greenhouse gasses & waste

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE9l94b3x9U Hand out Commodity Chain for Chicken Homework

Ag-Gag Bills Limits (MO) or prohibits (UT & IA) taking pictures or videos in Agribusiness facilities

Organic and Natural Foods movement

Luxury Crops Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco. Also includes crops not necessary for daily living Bananas, pineapples, flowers Produced Plantations in LDCs Consumed MDCs

Urban Agriculture Agriculture in our major urban areas Response to urban sprawl Benefits Don’t need a lot of land Fewer fertilizers Could employ more people Transportation costs greatly diminished Drawbacks Need new technologies Fewer machines = more labor intensive Limited crops