Other Developments in Industrialization **Drawbacks to Water Power 1. Factories had to be located near a river or water source which was not always close to resources, homes, roads. 2. Water levels often varied from season to season Steam to the Rescue **When water is heated, it turns to steam and expands. British inventors learned how to harness the force of steam to drive machines. **Scotsman James Watt created a modern steam engine.

Steam Engines Expand Industrialization -mines and factories -textile industry -locomotives -ships Robert Fulton -Irish born American -developed a steamship known as the Clermont -operated on Hudson River between New York and Albany -steamships replace sailing ships and horse drawn barges

The Importance of Coal in Industrialization **Steam engines require an immense amount of fuel to heat water. 1.Britain has a shortage of trees 2.Large deposits of coal 3.Produces 80% of Europe’s coal 4.Used to separate iron from its ore **Early steam engines often exploded because iron could not withstand high steam pressure. Steel was a better and stronger choice but was extremely expensive to produce.

Henry Bessemer -created a cheap way to make steel -Bessemer process -injected air into molten iron to remove carbon and impurities -steel production increased -steel prices decrease -locomotives, machines, skyscrapers, appliances, tools, autos, tracks, etc. will be made from steel

Charles Goodyear -American who discovered how to make rubber less sticky -In its natural state, rubber melts when hot or freezes when cold -vulcanization -chemical process which makes natural rubber more durable and unaffected by temperature.

Exit Ticket *Make two multiple choice questions from today’s notes. *Give the questions to the person behind you to answer. *Grade the questions for them and return. *Turn in all questions with your name and the name of the person who took your quiz.